• 0
  • Search
     

  • The Complete Technology Book on Dyes & Dye Intermediates (2nd Edition)
  • The Complete Technology Book on Dyes & Dye Intermediates (2nd Edition)
Add to inquiry Download page as pdf
The Complete Technology Book on Dyes & Dye Intermediates (2nd Edition) ( New Arrival ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Author Dr. Himadri Panda ISBN 9788194737957
Code NI91 Format Paperback
Price: Rs 1995   1995 US$ 53   53
Pages: 544 Published 2021
Publisher Niir Project Consultancy Services
Usually Ships within 5 days
Buy Now Add to cart Add to wishlist

 

A natural or synthetic substance used to add a color or to change the color of something. Dyes are the coloring material that color commodities of our day to day use. Dyes are applied everywhere, from Plastic toys for children to that fabrics you wear, from food to wood; hardly there is any industry where dyes are not used commercially.

A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. It is an ionising and aromatic organic compounds. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.Apart from this, Dye Intermediates also serve as an important raw materials for the Acid, Reactive and Direct Dyes.

Increase in demand for dye intermediates in textile and extensive use of dye intermediates are some factors driving the dye intermediates market. This is prompting companies to increase production of dye intermediates. Additionally, easy availability of raw materials is anticipated to boost the demand for dye intermediates in the near future.

The global dye intermediates market is witnessing technological advancements. Companies are constantly striving to develop new and better ways to manufacture dye intermediates. Development of new manufacturing processes of dye intermediates and applications is estimated to propel the dye intermediates market. However, volatility in prices of raw material is projected to inhibit the market.

The major contents of the Book are Azo Dyes, Reactive Dyes, Anthraquinone Dyes, Acid Dyes, Basic Dyes, Sulfur Dyes, Cyanine Dyes, Sensitizing Dyes, Dye Intermediates, BIS Specifications, Photographs of Machinery With Suppliers Contact Detail, Plant Layout and Process  Flow Chart  & Diagram.

A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today’s Dyes & Dye Intermediates industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of Dyes & Dye Intermediates industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on Dyes & Dye Intermediates. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.

 

 

1. The Dyes and Dye Intermediate Industry

What are Dyes and Dye Intermediates?

Classification of Dyes

Prices of Raw Materials

Competition from Other Developing Countries

Unit Processes and Operations

Waste Generation

Liquid Waste

Solid Waste

Gaseous Emissions

The Concept of Cleaner Production

Benefits of Cleaner Production

How to Undertake Cleaner Production:

An Introduction to Cleaner Production Assessments

Cleaner Production Techniques

Technology Modification

Recovery and Recycling

Material Recovery

Recovery of By-products

Product Modification

Energy Conservation

Best Practices in Unit Operations and Processes

Best Practices in Isolation

Best Practices in Filtration

Best Practices in Blending

2. Azo Dyes

Diazotization

Coupling

Azo Coupling

Oxidative Coupling

Classification of Azo Dyes

Primary Disazo Dyes

Secondary Disazo Dyes

Miscellaneous Disazo Dyes

Types of Azo Dyes : Structures,

Application, Uses

Methods of Manufacture

Manufacture Congo Red

Diazotization

Coupling

Isolation

Diazotization of Benzidine

First Coupling

Second Coupling

CONTENTS

Third Coupling

Isolation

Diazotization

Coupling

Isolation

Diazotization of Benzidine

Coupling

Isolation

Ethylation

Diazotization of Dianisidine

Coupling

Yield

Direct Light Fast Blue 4GH

Plant for Azo Dyes

Important Notes for Diazotization and Coupling

Methods of Analysis of Azo Dyes

Indentification

Methods of Analysis of Azo Dyes

Procedure

Hydrolysis

Nitric Acid Split

Procedure

Identification of Arylamines in Cleavage Products

Procedure

Identification of Diamines in Cleavage Products

Separation

Blowout Method

Identification of Coupling Components

Assay Methods

Salt Test

Adsorption Chromatography

Procedure

Application Method

Titanous Chloride Reduction

Standardization

Preparation of Methylene Blue Solution

Absorption Spectrophotometry

Standardization

Preparation of Ferric Ammonium Sulfate

Standardization

Direct Reduction Method

3. Reactive Dyes

Introduction

Development of Reactive Dyes

Chromophoric System

The Bridging Group

The Reactive System

Synthesis

Reactive Dyes for Cellulosic Materials, Wool & Nylon

Cellulosic Materials

Reactive Systems Based on Nucleophilic Substitution

Reactive Systems Based on Nucleophilic Addition

Reactive System Based on Both

Nucleophilic Addition and Substitution

Dyes that React with Fibers Under Acid Conditions

Polyfunction Fixing Agents from Covalent Bonds

with Both the Dyestuff and the Substrate

Dyes Containing several Reactive Groups

Wool

Reactive Systems Based on Nucleophilic Substitution

Reactive Systems Based on Nucleophilic Addition

Reactive Systems Based on Both Nucleophilic

Addition and Substitution

Reactions Involving Disulfide Bonds

Reactions Involving Modified Wool

Reactive Dyes for Nylon

Classification of Reactive Dyes

Vinyl Sulfone Reactive Dyes

Tetrachloro Pyrimidine Dyes

Chemistry of tetrachloropyrimidines

Reactive Dyes Based on Epoxides

Other types of Reactive Dyes

Reactivity of Different Types of Reactive Dyes

Application

Purification of Reactive Dyes

Advantages and Limitations of Reactive Dyes

Fabric Preparation

Washing off

New Development of Reactive Dyes

Kayacelon Reaction Dyes

Cibacron C Dyes

Procion Supra Dyes of (I.C.I.)

Procion HEXL Dyes

Prociline N Dyes

Manufacturing Processes

Acetylation of H Acid

Diazotisation of Tobias Acid

Reactive Dyes with Trichloropyrimidine as

Reactive Group

Reactive Dyes with 2, 3-Dichloroquin-oxaline

-6-Carbonyl Chloride as Reactive Group

Reactive Dyes with Chloroacetyl as

Reactive Group

Reactive Dyes with 6-amino-2-chlorobenzo-thia-zole-5

Sulphonic Acid as Reactive Group

Control Test

Properties of Cynuric Chloride

Chlorosulfonic Acid

Commercial Grades and Specificaion of

Chlorosulphonic Acid

Identification of Reactive Dyes

Analysis

4. Anthraquinone Dyes

Disperse Dyes

Dispersion

Effect of Dispersing Agents

Levelling Agents

Classification

Disperse Dyes in the Dye Bath

Disperse Dyes in the Fibre

Sensitivity to Metal

Solacet Dyes (Water Soluble)

Current Research Work

Manufacturing Processes

Emulsion of Diphenylamine

Diazontisation of Aniline

Acid Pasting and Dispersion

Treatment with Hydrochloric Acid

Reactions

Reduction

Aminoanthraquinone Dyes

Anthrarufin and Chrysazin Derivatives

Vat Dyes

Acylaminoanthraquinones

Aminoanthraquinone Anthramides

Anthraquinone-Carbozoles

Ring Closure with Aluminium Chloride

Ring Closure with Titanium Tetrachloride

Ring Closure with Sulphuric Acid

Ring Closure with Potassium Hydroxide

Oxidation

Characterisation of Anthrimides and

Anthraquinone Carbozoles

Spectral Differentiation

Infrared

C = O Stretching and NH Deformation Vibrations

Aminoanthraquinone Indanthrones

Vat Paste

Manufacturing of Vat Paste

Manufacturing Process

Standarisation of Vat Dyestuffs

Identification of Vat Dyes

5. Acid Dyes

Sample Acid Dyes

Mordant Acid Dyes

Premettalized Acid Dyes

Manufacturing Processes

Mordant Dyes

Heat transfer Dyes

Economic Aspects

6. Basic Dyes

Classification of Basic Dyes

Manufacturing Processes

Economic Aspects

Health and Safety Factors

Uses

Methods of Analysis

Identification

Dyes on Substrates

Assay Methods

Titration Methods

Miscellanous Assay Methods

Application Methods

Determination of Impurities

7. Sulfur Dyes

Chemical Properties

Manufacturing Process

Oxidation

Grain Standarisation

Manufacture

Application

Economic Aspects

Commercial Forms of Sulfur Dyes

Health and Safety Factors

Uses

8. Cyanine Dyes

Properties

Examples of Nuclie Occuring in Important

Cyanine Dyes

Photophysical Properties

Synthesis of Cyanines and Related Dyes

Reactivity of Cyanine Dyes

Uses and Suppliers

9. Sensitizing Dyes

Introduction

Sensitization Wavelength and Efficiency

Structural Classes of Spectral Sensitizers

Spectral Sensitization of Silver Halides

Spectral Sensitization of Inorganic and

Organic Solids

Spectral Sensitization of Photoresists,

Photopoly, and Photopolymerization

10. Dye Intermediates

Introduction

Sources of Raw Material

List of Intermediates, Nomenclature;

Auxiliary Agents

Equipment and Manufacture

Chemistry of Dye Intermediates

Electrophilic Substitution

Transformation of Primary

Substitution Products

Examples of the Most Important

Reactions Sulfonation

Reduction

Alkeali Fusion

Nucleophilic Replacement of Activated CL

Special Reactions and Rearrangements

Benzidine Rearrangement

Bucherer Reaction

Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction

Project Briefs

Aceto Acetanilide

Anthraquinone

2-Chloroanthraquinone

2-Amino Anthraquinone

1-Hydroxy Anthraquinone

1-Hydroxy Anthraquinone

1:4 Dihidroxy Anthraquinone (Quinizarine)

1:4 Diamino Anthraquinone

1-Amino-2-Methyl-Anthraquinone

2-Methyl Anthraquinone

1-Nitro-2-Methylanthraquinone

1-Amino-2-Methylanthraquinone

Benzanthrone

Manufacturing Process

Bromobenzanthrone

Benzidinc Derivatines

Chicago Acid and Peri Acid

Cyanuric Chloride

Gamma Acid

H Acid

Laurant’s Acid

Metanilic Acid

Orthanilic Acid

R Salt/R Acid

Sulfanilic Acid

Tobias Acid

Vinyl Sulfone

P-Aminophenol

o-Phenylene Diamine

o-And P-Nitrochlorobezenc

p-Phenylencdiamnie

1-Phenyl 3-Methyl 5-Pyrazolonc

1-Amino-2-Naphthol-4-Sulphonic Acid

Schaefeer’s Acid

J-Acid

Alkali Fusion of Amino J-Acid

N-Phenyl J-Acid

11. Photographs of Machinery with

Suppliers Contact Details

Agitator Reaction Vessel

Limpet Coil Reaction Vessels

Reactor Vessel

Melting Tank

Storage Tank

Furnace

Extractor Machine

Hydro Extractor

Dye Centrifuge Machine

Dyes Filter Press

Dye Ball Mill

Dye Mixing Machine

Dyes Pulverizer Machine

Calcinatory

Tray Dryer

Fusion Chamber

Vacuum Distillation Plant

Dyes Packing Machine

Diesel Generator Set

12. Plant Layout and Process

Flow Chart & Diagram

 

RELATED PRODUCTS

ABOUT NPCS

NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical consultancy services. NPCS is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related industries.

Our various services are: Detailed Project Report, Business Plan for Manufacturing Plant, Start-up Ideas, Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs, Start up Business Opportunities, entrepreneurship projects, Successful Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, project report, Cost and Revenue, Pre-feasibility study for Profitable Manufacturing Business, Project Identification, Project Feasibility and Market Study, Identification of Profitable Industrial Project Opportunities, Business Opportunities, Investment Opportunities for Most Profitable Business in India, Manufacturing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profile, Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Study, Market Research Study, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report, Identification and Section of Plant, Process, Equipment, General Guidance, Startup Help, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial project and Most Profitable Small Scale Business.

NPCS also publishes varies process technology, technical, reference, self employment and startup books, directory, business and industry database, bankable detailed project report, market research report on various industries, small scale industry and profit making business. Besides being used by manufacturers, industrialists and entrepreneurs, our publications are also used by professionals including project engineers, information services bureau, consultants and project consultancy firms as one of the input in their research.

Our Detailed Project report aims at providing all the critical data required by any entrepreneur vying to venture into Project. While expanding a current business or while venturing into new business, entrepreneurs are often faced with the dilemma of zeroing in on a suitable product/line.

And before diversifying/venturing into any product, wish to study the following aspects of the identified product:
  • Good Present/Future Demand
  • Export-Import Market Potential
  • Raw Material & Manpower Availability
  • Project Costs and Payback Period

We at NPCS, through our reliable expertise in the project consultancy and market research field, Provides exhaustive information about the project, which satisfies all the above mentioned requirements and has high growth potential in the markets. And through our report we aim to help you make sound and informed business decision.

Reasons for buying the report:
  • This report helps you to identify a profitable project for investing or diversifying into by throwing light to crucial areas like industry size, demand of the product and reasons for investing in the product.
  • This report provides vital information on the product like its definition, characteristics and segmentation.
  • This report helps you market and place the product correctly by identifying the target customer group of the product.
  • This report helps you understand the viability of the project by disclosing details like raw materials required, manufacturing process, project costs and snapshot of other project financials.
  • The report provides forecasts of key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance and make sound business decision.
The report contains all the data which will help an entrepreneur find answers to questions like:
  • Why I should invest in this project?
  • What will drive the growth of the product?
  • What are the costs involved?
  • What will be the market potential?

The report first focuses on enhancing the basic knowledge of the entrepreneur about the main product, by elucidating details like product definition, its uses and applications, industry segmentation as well as an overall overview of the industry sector in India. The report then helps an entrepreneur identify the target customer group of its product. It further helps in making sound investment decision by listing and then elaborating on factors that will contribute to the growth of product consumption in India and also talks about the foreign trade of the product along with the list of top importing and top exporting countries. Report includes graphical representation and forecasts of key data discussed in the above mentioned segment. It further explicates the growth potential of the product. The report includes other market data like key players in the Industry segment along with their contact information and recent developments. It includes crucial information like raw material requirements, list of machinery and manufacturing process for the plant. Core project financials like plant capacity, costs involved in setting up of project, working capital requirements, projected revenue and profit are further listed in the report.

Our Approach:

  • Our research reports broadly cover Indian markets, present analysis, outlook and forecast.
  • The market forecasts are developed on the basis of secondary research and are cross-validated through interactions with the industry players.
  • We use reliable sources of information and databases. And information from such sources is processed by us and included in the report.

Our Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report Contains following information:

Introduction
  • Project Introduction
  • Project Objective and Strategy
  • Concise History of the Product
  • Properties
  • BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification
  • Uses & Applications
Market Study and Assessment
  • Current Indian Market Scenario
  • Present Market Demand and Supply
  • Estimated Future Market Demand and Forecast
  • Statistics of Import & Export
  • Names & Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players)
  • Market Opportunity
Raw Material
  • List of Raw Materials
  • Properties of Raw Materials
  • Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials
  • List of Suppliers and Manufacturers
Personnel (Manpower) Requirements
  • Requirement of Staff & Labor (Skilled and Unskilled) Managerial, Technical, Office Staff and Marketing Personnel
Plant and Machinery
  • List of Plant & Machinery
  • Miscellaneous Items
  • Appliances & Equipments
  • Laboratory Equipments & Accessories
  • Electrification
  • Electric Load & Water
  • Maintenance Cost
  • Sources of Plant & Machinery (Suppliers and Manufacturers)
Manufacturing Process and Formulations
  • Detailed Process of Manufacture with Formulation
  • Packaging Required
  • Process Flow Sheet Diagram
Infrastructure and Utilities
  • Project Location
  • Requirement of Land Area
  • Rates of the Land
  • Built Up Area
  • Construction Schedule
  • Plant Layout and Requirement of Utilities

Project at a Glance

Assumptions for Profitability workings
Plant Economics
Production Schedule
Land & Building
  • Factory Land & Building
  • Site Development Expenses
Plant & Machinery
  • Indigenous Machineries
  • Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)
Other Fixed Assets
  • Furniture & Fixtures
  • Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses
  • Technical Knowhow
  • Provision of Contingencies
Working Capital Requirement Per Month
  • Raw Material
  • Packing Material
  • Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
  • Consumable Store
Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum
  • Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)
  • Royalty and Other Charges
  • Selling and Distribution Expenses
Salary and Wages
Turnover Per Annum
Share Capital
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals
  • Revenue/Income/Realisation
  • Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items
  • Gross Profit
  • Financial Charges
  • Total Cost of Sales
  • Net Profit After Taxes
  • Net Cash Accruals
Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
  • Current Assets
  • Gross Working. Capital
  • Current Liabilities
  • Net Working Capital
  • Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets
  • ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)
  • RONW (Average of Share Capital)
  • ROI (Average of Total Assets)
Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios
  • D.S.C.R
  • Earnings Per Share (EPS)
  • Debt Equity Ratio
Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis
  • Variable Cost & Expenses
  • Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.
  • Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)
  • Fixed Expenses / Cost
  • B.E.P
Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume
  • Resultant N.P.B.T
  • Resultant D.S.C.R
  • Resultant PV Ratio
  • Resultant DER
  • Resultant ROI
  • Resultant BEP
Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
  • Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services
  • Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items
  • Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items
  • Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation
Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit
Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,
Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit
Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses
Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges
Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses
Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses
Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)
Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)
Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits
Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR