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  • The Complete Book on Cement & Concrete Products Manufacturing (AAC Blocks, Slag & High Alumina Cement, Clinker, Concrete Block, Floor Slab, Roof Tiles, Interlocking Paving Blocks, Fly Ash Bricks, Flooring Tiles, Precast RCC Wall, Prestressed Concrete Beams, Poles, Pipe, Sleeper, RCC Beam, Ready Mix Concrete and Wall Putty with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details and Factory Layouts)
  • The Complete Book on Cement & Concrete Products Manufacturing (AAC Blocks, Slag & High Alumina Cement, Clinker, Concrete Block, Floor Slab, Roof Tiles, Interlocking Paving Blocks, Fly Ash Bricks, Flooring Tiles, Precast RCC Wall, Prestressed Concrete Beams, Poles, Pipe, Sleeper, RCC Beam, Ready Mix Concrete and Wall Putty with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details and Factory Layouts)
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The Complete Book on Cement & Concrete Products Manufacturing (AAC Blocks, Slag & High Alumina Cement, Clinker, Concrete Block, Floor Slab, Roof Tiles, Interlocking Paving Blocks, Fly Ash Bricks, Flooring Tiles, Precast RCC Wall, Prestressed Concrete Beams, Poles, Pipe, Sleeper, RCC Beam, Ready Mix Concrete and Wall Putty with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details and Factory Layouts) ( New Arrival ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Author Ashish Dey ISBN 978-81-957447-4-9
Code ENI356 Format Paperback/PDF File
Price: Rs 1975   1975 US$ 50   50
Pages: 496 Published 2023
Publisher Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.
Usually Ships within 5 days
Buy Now Add to cart Add to wishlist

 

Cement is a powdery substance made by calcining lime and clay. When cement is mixed with water, it forms mortar, and when it is mixed with sand, gravel, and water, it makes concrete. Mortar is used as a bonding agent for plastering, masonry work, and pointing. 

 

Concrete is a mixture of aggregates and paste. The aggregates are sand and gravel or crushed stones; and the paste is made from water and portland cement mixture. Concrete is used for laying floors, roofs and constructing lintels, beams, pillars and other masonry structures. Concrete products such as pipes, blocks, bricks, and concrete articles are made using concrete.

 

The cement and concrete products market consists of sales of cement and concrete products and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture cement and concrete products such as concrete pipes, bricks, and paving blocks. The cement and concrete products manufacturing industry includes establishments engaged in manufacturing portland cement, pozzolanic cement, ready-mix concrete, concrete blocks, bricks, and pipes and related products.

 

The global cement and concrete products market was valued at $333,255.8 million. The market accounted for 0.40% of the global GDP. In terms of per capita consumption, the market accounted for $43.5. The market was also supported by rapid urbanization, and government initiatives towards infrastructure development. Growth in the forecast can be attributed to increasing spending on infrastructure, global economic growth, the development of affordable housing, and a rapidly growing urban population.

 

The cement and concrete industry is still expected to grow in the coming years. Companies are looking for ways to reduce their environmental footprint by making use of more efficient manufacturing processes and renewable energy sources. They are also developing new materials that are stronger and more sustainable than traditional materials. This means that the industry will remain an important part of the global economy for many years to come.

 

This book contains in-depth information about Cement & Concrete Products, AAC Blocks, Slag & High Alumina Cement, Clinker, Concrete Block, Floor Slab, Roof Tiles, Interlocking Paving Blocks, Fly Ash Bricks, Flooring Tiles, Precast RCC Wall, Prestressed Concrete Beams, Poles, Pipe, Sleeper, RCC Beam, Ready Mix Concrete and Wall Putty with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details and Factory Layouts. This book is also a fantastic resource for people interested in or who have worked in the Cement & Concrete industry.

 

Profitable and viable business opportunities exist in the Cement & Concrete sector. As a result, creating your own business is a good way to get into it. To learn more about Cement & Concrete industry in depth, read this book. It will assist you in figuring out how to establish your own Cement & Concrete Business. Because of the increasing demand for Cement & Concrete in today's market, it's a terrific method to earn money.

 

 

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Chemistry
1.1.1 Hydraulic Cement
1.1.2 Non-Hydraulic Cement
1.2 Cement Physical Properties
1.3 Cement Chemical Properties
1.4 Cement Industry
2. HOW TO START YOUR OWN CEMENT BUSINESS
2.1 Make A Cement Factory Cost Analysis Plan
2.2 Make a Budget- Cement Plant
2.3 Choose Your Cement Factory Market or Region
2.4 Choose a Location with a Plentiful Supply of Raw
Materials
2.5 Understand the Cement Manufacturing Process
2.6 Determine the Supply of Raw Material and Energy
Supply
2.7 Get Environment Clearance
2.8 Make Your Project in Line with CSR and
Sustainability
2.9 Get the Necessary Personnel and Begin Production
2.10 Gauge Your Competition
3. RAW MATERIALS USED FOR CEMENT PRODUCTION
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Lime Component
3.2.1 Limestone
3.2.2 Chalk
3.2.3 Marl
3.3 Clay Component
3.4 Corrective Ingredients
3.5 Auxiliary Components of Cement Raw Materials
3.5.1 Magnesium Oxide
3.5.2 Alkalies
3.5.3 Sulfur
3.5.4 Chloride
3.5.5 Fluoride
3.5.6 Phosphorus
4. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CEMENT
4.1 Dry Cement Manufacturing Process
4.1.1 Treatment of Raw Materials
4.1.2 Burning or Calcination of the Dry Mix
4.1.3 Grinding of Clinker
4.1.4 Packing and Storage of Cement
4.2 Wet Process of Manufacturing of Cement.
4.2.1 Preparation of Slurry
4.2.2 Burning or Calcination
4.2.3 Grinding of Clinker
5. EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY REQUIRED FOR CEMENT PLANT
5.1 Stages of Cement Manufacturing
5.1.1 Stage-1 Opencast Lime Stone Mining
5.1.2 Stage-2 Lime Stone Crushing & Stacking
5.1.3 Stage-3 Raw Material Handling & Grinding
5.1.4 Stage-4 Coal Grinding
5.1.5 Stage-5 Preheater Kiln & Cooler
5.1.6 Stage-6 Clinker Grinding (Cement Mill)
5.1.7 Stage-7 Packing Plant & Loading Plant
6. TYPES OF CEMENT
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
6.1.2 Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
6.1.3 Rapid Hardening Cement
6.1.4 Quick Setting Cement
6.1.5 Low Heat Cement
6.1.6 Sulphate Resisting Cement
6.1.7 Blast Furnace Cement
6.1.8 High Alumina Cement
6.1.9 White Cement
6.1.10 Colored Cement
6.1.11 Air Entraining Cement
6.1.12 Expansive Cement
6.1.13 Hydrophobic Cement
7. WHITE CEMENT MANUFACTURING
7.1 Introduction
7.2 How to Improve White Cement’s Whiteness
7.2.1 Select the Best Raw Materials
7.2.2 Select the Appropriate Fuel
7.2.3 Select the Best Raw Mill and Cement Mill
7.2.4 Choose the Best Cooling Method
7.3 The Primary Applications
7.4 Differences between White Cement and Grey Cement
7.5 Raw Materials
7.6 White Cement Manufacturing
7.6.1 White Cement Clinker Manufacturing
7.6.2 White Cement Clinker Bleaching Process
7.7 Process
7.7.1 Crushing
7.7.2 Grinding
7.7.3 Calcination of Clinker
7.7.4 Clinker Cooling
7.7.5 Cement Grinding
7.7.6 Packing of Cement
8. QUICK SETTING CEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION
8.1 Applications
8.2 Why is Quick-Setting Cement a Good Choice for
Construction?
8.3 How to Use Quick Setting Cement?
8.4 Considerations for Using This Type of Cement
8.5 Main Characteristics
8.6 Difference Between Quick Setting Cement and Rapid
Hardening Cement
8.7 Ingredient
8.8 Manufacturing of Quick-Setting Cement
8.8.1 Raw Materials Crushing
8.8.2 Raw Materials Grinding
8.8.3 Clinker Calcination
8.8.4 Grinding Clinker
8.8.5 Cement Packing
9. PRODUCTION OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC)
9.1 Ordinary Portland Cement Varieties
9.1.1 33-Grade Cement
9.1.2 43-Grade Cement
9.1.3 53-Grade Cement
9.2 Chemical Characteristics of OPC
9.2.1 Factor of Lime Saturation
9.2.2 The Alumina-Iron Ratio
9.2.3 Insoluble Waste
9.2.4 Magnesia
9.2.5 Ignition Failure
9.2.6 Anhydride of Sulphur
9.3 Advantages
9.4 OPC Cement Properties
9.5 Specifications OPC Cement
9.6 Raw Materials
9.7 Manufacturing Process
9.7.1 Crushing and Grinding
9.7.2 Material Mixing
9.7.3 Heating the Slurry in the Rotary Kiln
9.7.4 Formation of Clinker
9.7.5 Grinding the Clinker with Gypsum
10. HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Applications
10.3 Hydration of High Alumina Cement (HAC)
10.3.1 Conversion of High Alumina Cement
10.3.2 Effect of Curing Temperature on High Alumina
Cement
10.4 Advantages
10.5 Difference between High Alumina Cement and Ordinary
Portland Cement
10.6 Raw Materials
10.7 Manufacturing of High Alumina Cement
10.8 Physical Properties
10.9 Concrete Technology
10.9.1 Resistance to Chemical Attack
10.10 Refractory Properties of High Alumina Cement
11. BLAST FURNACE SLAG CEMENT AND ITS MANUFACTURING
11.1 Blast-Furnace Slag is Used in Making-Four Classes of
Cement
11.2 What Industries are Blast Furnace Slag Used After
Grinding?
11.3 Classification of Blast Furnace Slag
11.3.1 Air-Cooled Slag
11.3.2 Granulated Slag
11.3.3 Expansive Slag
11.3.4 Slag Cotton
11.4 Advantages of Blast-Furnace Slag Cement
11.5 Disadvantages of Blast-Furnace Slag Cement
11.6 Manufacturing Method
11.7 Process
11.7.1 Raw Material Production
11.7.2 Raw Mill
11.7.3 Clinker Production
11.7.4 Clinker Grinding
11.7.5 Finished Cement Storage and Packing
12. PORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENT
12.1 Features
12.2 Applications
12.3 Composition
12.4 Advantages
12.5 Portland Pozzolana Cement Properties
12.6 Manufacturing Process
13. HOW CEMENT IS MADE WITH CLINKER
13.1 Composition of Clinker
13.2 Clinker Thermochemistry
13.3 Cement Clinker Types and Uses
13.3.1 Sulfate Resistant Clinker
13.3.2 Low Heat Clinker
13.3.3 White Clinker
13.3.4 Low-Alkali Clinker
13.3.5 Belite Calciumsulfoaluminate Ternesite (BCT)
13.4 Cement Clinker Use: Changing to Cement
13.5 How is Cement Clinker Produced?
13.6 What are Differences Between Clinker Cement and
Grey Cement?
13.7 Manufacturing Process
13.7.1 Crushing of Limestone
13.7.2 Prehomogenisation
13.7.3 Grinding of Raw Materials
13.7.4 Homogenization
13.7.5 Pyro Processing
13.7.6 Clinker Formation
14. PLASTER OF PARIS AND ITS DIFFERENT USES
14.1 Properties of Plaster of Paris
14.2 Additional Features of Gypsum Plaster
14.3 What Distinguishes Gypsum from Plaster of Paris?
14.4 Types of Plaster of Paris
14.4.1 Gypsum Plaster
14.4.2 Clay Plaster
14.4.3 Lime Plaster
14.4.4 Cement Plaster
14.4.5 Heat Resistant Plaster
14.5 The Different Uses of Plaster of Paris
14.6 Process of Manufacture
15. CONCRETE AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
15.1 Concrete Components
15.2 Hardened Concrete
15.3 Development for the Long Term
15.4 Quality Concrete Essentials
15.5 Suitable Materials
15.6 Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio
15.7 Design-Workmanship-Environment
15.8 Concrete vs. Cement
15.9 Manufacturing Processes of Concrete
15.9.1 Batching
15.9.2 Mixing
15.9.3 Transporting
15.9.4 Placing
15.9.5 Compacting
15.9.6 Curing
15.9.7 Finishing
16. HOW TO START CONCRETE BUSINESS
16.1 Select a Name for Concrete Company
16.2 Create a Concrete Business Plan
16.3 Select the Legal Structure for Concrete Company
16.3.1 Limited Liability Company
16.3.2 Partnerships
16.3.3 Limited Liability Company (LLC)
16.3.4 C Corporation
16.3.5 S Corporation
16.4 Obtain Startup Capital for Concrete Business
(If Needed)
16.5 Establish a Business Location
16.6 Register Concrete Business with the Internal Revenue
Service
16.7 Establish a Business Bank Account
16.8 Apply for a Business Credit Card
16.9 Obtain the Necessary Business Licenses and Permits
16.10 Obtain Business Insurance for Concrete Company
16.11 Purchase or Lease the Appropriate Concrete Business
Equipment
16.12 Create Concrete Business Marketing Materials
16.13 Buy and Install the Software Required to Run Concrete
Business
16.14 Ready for Business
17. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE
17.1 What is the Significance of Concrete in
Construction?
17.2 How to Choose a Concrete Type?
17.3 Concrete Work Safety Tips
17.4 Types
17.4.1 Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)
17.4.2 Cement Reinforced Concrete (RCC)
17.4.3 FRC (Fibre Reinforced Concrete)
17.4.4 Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)
17.4.5 Ferrocement
17.4.6 Ready Mix Concrete
17.4.7 Precast Concrete
17.4.8 Prestressed Concrete
17.4.9 Light Weight Concrete
17.4.10 Polymer Concrete
17.4.11 High Density Concrete
17.4.12 High Performance Concrete
17.4.13 High Strength Concrete
17.4.14 Air Entrained Concrete
17.4.15 Self-compacting Concrete (SCC)
17.4.16 Shotcrete
17.4.17 Guniting Concrete
17.4.18 Pumped Concrete
17.4.19 Pervious Concrete
17.4.20 Smart Concrete
17.4.21 Stamped Concrete
17.4.22 Limecrete
17.4.23 Asphalt Concrete
17.4.24 Bacterial Concrete
17.4.25 Smog Eating Concrete
18. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RCC AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
18.1 Materials Used in Prestressed Concrete
18.1.1 Steel
18.1.2 Tendons
18.1.3 Wires Strands or Cables
18.1.4 Bars
18.1.5 Concrete
18.2 The Comparisons Between the RCC and Prestressed
Concrete
19. CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB PRODUCTION PROCESS
19.1 Different Slabs
19.1.1 One-Way Slabs on Beams
19.1.2 One-Way Joist Slab (Ribbed Slab)
19.1.3 Waffle Slab (Grid Slab)
19.1.4 Flat Plates
19.1.5 Flat Slabs
19.1.6 Two-Way Slabs on Beams
19.1.7 Hollow Core Slab
19.1.8 Hardy Slab
19.1.9 Bubble Deck Slab
19.1.10 Composite Slab
19.1.11 Precast Slab
19.1.12 Slab on Grade
19.2 Design Requirements of RCC Slab, Structural Design,
Building Design
19.2.1 Effective Span in Slab Design
19.2.2 Limiting Stiffness
19.2.3 Minimum Reinforcement
19.2.4 Maximum Diameter of the Bars
19.2.5 Spacing of the Main Reinforcement Bars
19.2.6 Percentage of Distribution Reinforcement
19.2.7 Cover to the RCC Slab
19.3 Process
19.3.1 Assemble and Erect Formwork for Slab
19.3.2 Prepare and Place Reinforcement for Slab
19.3.3 Pour, Compact and Finishing Concrete Floor Slab
19.3.4 Curing Concrete and Remove Formwork
20. CONCRETE BLOCK MAKING PROCESS
20.1 What do Need to Understand About Concrete
Blocks?
20.2 Why Use Concrete Blocks for Construction?
20.3 Advantages of Concrete Blocks
20.4 Raw Materials Utilized in Concrete Blocks
20.5 Concrete Blocks Manufacturing Process
20.6 Process
20.6.1 Mixing
20.6.2 Molding
20.6.3 Curing
20.6.4 Cubing
21. TYPES OF CONCRETE BLOCKS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
21.1 Hollow Concrete Blocks vs. Solid Concrete Blocks
21.2 Types of Hollow Concrete Blocks
21.2.1 Stretcher Block
21.2.2 Pillar Block
21.2.3 Lintel Block
21.2.4 Jamb Block
21.2.5 Column Block
21.2.6 Corner Block
21.2.7 Splitface Block
21.2.8 Bullnose Block
21.2.9 Partition Block
21.3 Types of Solid Concrete Blocks
21.3.1 Fly Ash Block
21.3.2 Aerated Autoclaved Block
21.3.3 Paving Block
21.3.4 Cellular Lightweight Block
21.3.5 Expanded Clay Aggregate Block
22. CONCRETE ROOF TILES PRODUCTION
22.1 Extruded Concrete Roofing Tiles
22.2 Improvements to Colourings, Coatings and Textures
22.3 Concrete Roof Tiles and Other Roofing Materials
22.4 The Use of Pigments
22.5 Reducing Efflorescence
22.6 Life Expectancy and Design Criteria
22.7 Roof Tile Testing
22.8 Weathering Tests and Roof Tile Fixing
22.9 Future of Concrete Roof Tiles
22.10 Raw Materials
22.10.1 Sand
22.10.2 Cement
22.10.3 Colour
22.11 Manufacturing Process
22.12 Equipment
23. HOW TO START ROOF TILES PRODUCTION BUSINESS
23.1 Conduct Research on Roof Tiles
23.2 Create an Effective Business Plan
23.3 Include Business
23.4 Registration for Taxes
23.5 Lease a Facility and Establish a Manufacturing
Factory
23.6 Raw Material Source
23.7 Market Research Source
24. INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS
MANUFACTURING
24.1 Types of Pavers
24.1.1 Natural Stone Pavers
24.1.2 Brick Pavers
24.1.3 Concrete Pavers
24.2 Manufacturing Process
24.2.1 Raw Material Required for the Making of Paver
Blocks
24.2.2 Batching
24.2.3 Mixing
24.2.4 Filling of Moulds
24.2.5 Compaction
24.2.6 Curing
24.2.7 Quality Control
24.3 Manufacturing Equipment
24.3.1 Batching Equipment
24.3.2 Mixer
24.3.3 Moulding Machine
24.3.4 Curing Chamber
25. USE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Salient Features
25.3 Physical Properties
25.4 Chemical Properties
25.5 Why RHA?
25.5.1 High Performance Concrete (HPC)
25.5.2 Supplementary Cementing Materials
25.5.3 Research on RHA
25.5.4 Research Significance
25.6 Material Properties and Mix Design
25.6.1 Water
25.6.2 Methodology
25.7 Methodology Adopted for Mix Design
25.7.1 Design of Concrete Mix
25.7.2 Preparation of Mix Design
25.8 Casting of Specimens
25.8.1 Specimens for Split Tensile Strength
25.8.2 Specimens for Young’s Modulus
25.8.3 Testing of Specimens
25.9 Material Used
25.9.1 Cement
25.9.2 Rice Husk Ash
25.9.3 Aggregate
25.9.4 Super Plasticizers
25.9.5 Water
25.10 Production of Rice Husk Ash
25.11 Burning Process of Rice Husk
25.12 Mix Design
26. SULFATE RESISTANCE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
26.1 Introduction
26.1.1 Materials
26.1.2 Mix Proportions
26.1.3 Mixing and Casting
26.1.4 Curing and Testing
26.2 Compressive Strength Determination
26.3 Resistance to Sulfate Attack
27. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CEMENT POLES PRODUCTION
METHOD
27.1 Different Shapes of Prestressed Concrete Poles
27.2 Advantages of Prestressed Concrete Poles
27.3 Design Considerations of Prestressed Concrete
Poles
27.4 Manufacturing Methods of Prestressed Concrete
Poles
27.4.1 Centrifugal Casting Method
27.4.2 Long Line Method
27.4.3 Mensel’s Method
27.5 Manufacturing Process
27.5.1 Forms and Moulds
27.5.2 Aggregate (Coarse or Fine)
27.5.3 Cement
27.5.4 H.T. Wire
27.5.5 Water
27.5.6 Admixtures
27.5.7 Reinforcement and Tensioning
27.5.8 Designing, Mixing, Placing and Compacting
Concrete
27.5.9 Curing of Poles
27.5.10 Detensioning and Cutting of Wires
27.5.11 Curing of Poles in Vats, Handling and Stacking
27.5.12 Sampling and Inspection
28. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CYLINDER PIPE WITH ITS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
28.1 Standard Pipe
28.1.1 Bar-Wrapped Concrete Pressure Pipe
28.1.2 Welded Steel Pipe
28.2 Lined Cylinder Pipe (L-301) Features
28.3 Advantages
28.4 Embedded Cylinder Pipe (E-301) Features
28.5 Advantages
28.6 Manufacturing Process
28.7 Bar-Wrapped Concrete Pressure Pipe
28.8 Special Sections and Fittings
28.9 Quality Assurance
29. HOW TO START CONCRETE PIPE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS
29.1 Understand the Industry
29.1.1 Industry Statistics that are Interesting
29.2 Conduct Market Research and Feasibility Studies
29.2.1 Demographics and Psychographics
29.3 Decide What Niche to Concentrate On
29.3.1 The Industry’s Level of Competition
29.4 Understand the Industry’s Major Competitors
29.4.1 Economic Analysis
29.5 Decide Whether to Buy a Franchise or Start from
Scratch
29.6 Know the Possible Threats and Challenges Will
Face
29.7 Choose the Most Suitable Legal Entity (LLC, C Corp,
S Corp)
29.8 Choose a Catchy Business Name from the Ideas
Below
29.9 Consult with an Agent to Determine the Best Insurance
Policies
29.10 Protect Intellectual Property with Trademark, Copyrights,
Patents
29.11 Get the Necessary Professional Certification
29.12 Obtain the Legal Documents Required to Operate
29.13 Obtain the Required Startup Capital
29.14 Select an Appropriate Business Location
29.15 Hire Employees to Meet Technical and Manpower
Requirements
29.15.1 The Service Delivery Process of the Business
29.16 Create a Marketing Plan that is Jam-Packed with Ideas
and Strategies
29.17 Create a Set of Unbreakable Competitive Strategies to
Help Win
29.18 Brainstorm Possible Ways to Retain Clients &
Customers
29.19 Create a Corporate Identity and Develop Strategies to
Increase Brand Awareness
29.20 Create a Suppliers/Distribution Network
30. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS PRODUCTION PROCESS
30.1 Prestressed Concrete
30.2 Advantages
30.3 Levels of Prestressing
30.4 Materials for Making Prestressed Beams
30.4.1 Concrete, Steel, Grout
30.5 Prestressed Concrete Beams Production Process
30.6 Pre-Tensioning
30.6.1 Preparing the Mould
30.6.2 Placing of Reinforcement
30.6.3 Prestressing
30.6.4 Casting of Concrete
30.6.5 Removing the Mould
30.6.6 Storage
30.7 Post-Tensioning
30.7.1 Placing of Reinforcement and Duct
30.7.2 Prestressing
31. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SLEEPER MANUFACTURING
31.1 What are the Characteristics of Prestressed
Concrete?
31.2 What Materials Make up Prestressed Concrete?
31.3 Prestressed Concrete Sleepers Manufacturing
Process
31.3.1 Preparing Molds
31.3.2 Pre-Tensioning of Strands
31.3.3 Concreting
31.3.4 Steam Curing
31.3.5 Removing Molds
31.3.6 Wet Curing
31.3.7 Testing and Transportation
32. RCC (REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE) BEAM
32.1 Purpose of Beams
32.2 Purpose of Stirrups in the Beam
32.3 Types of Beam According to the Support Conditions
32.3.1 Simply Supported Beams
32.3.2 Continuous Beams
32.3.3 Fixed Beams
32.3.4 Cantilever Beams
32.3.5 Overhanging Beam
32.4 Types of Loads on Beams
32.4.1 Point Load or Concentrated Load
32.4.2 Distributed Load
32.4.3 Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)
32.4.4 Uniformly Varying Load (UVL)
32.4.5 Couple Forces
32.5 Reinforcement in RCC Beam
32.5.1 Single Reinforcement
32.5.2 Double Reinforcement
32.5.3 Shear Force
32.5.4 Bending Moment
32.5.5 Deflection
32.6 The Manufacturing Process
33. PRECAST RCC WALL PRODUCTION
33.1 Materials
33.2 Basic Material Testing
33.2.1 Test on Cement
33.2.2 Test on M-Sand and Coarse Aggregate
33.3 Mix Proportions for One cum of Concrete (SSD
Condition)
33.4 Test on Concrete
33.4.1 Compressive Strength Test
33.4.2 Slump Test
33.5 Manufacturing Process
34. TYPES OF ADMIXTURES AND ITS EFFECT ON CONCRETE
34.1 What Purposes do Admixtures Serve?
34.2 What is the Purpose of Admixtures in Concrete?
34.3 What is the Ideal Concrete Admixture?
34.4 Types of Concrete Admixtures
34.4.1 Water Reducing Admixtures
34.4.2 Retarding Admixtures
34.4.3 Accelerating Admixtures
34.4.4 Air Entraining Concrete Admixture
34.4.5 Pozzolanic Admixtures
34.4.6 Damp-Proofing Admixtures
34.4.7 Gas forming Admixtures
34.4.8 Air Detraining Admixtures
34.4.9 Alkali Aggregate Expansion Preventing
Admixtures
34.4.10 Anti-washout Admixtures
34.4.11 Grouting Admixtures
34.4.12 Corrosion Preventing Admixtures
34.4.13 Bonding Admixtures
34.4.14 Fungicidal, Germicidal, Insecticidal Admixtures
34.4.15 Coloring Admixtures
34.5 Mechanism of Action of Chemical Admixtures
34.6 Admixtures and Concrete Rheology
34.7 Concrete Admixtures and Their Effect on Concrete
Properties
34.7.1 Air Entraining Admixtures
34.7.2 Water Reducing
34.7.3 Retarders
34.7.4 Accelerators
34.7.5 High Range Water Reducing Admixtures
34.8 Miscellaneous Admixtures
35. FLY ASH BRICKS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
35.1 History
35.2 Sources of Fly Ash
35.3 Properties of Fly ash Bricks
35.4 Environmental Advantages of Fly Ash Bricks
35.5 Merit of Fly Ash Brick
35.6 Raw Materials
35.7 Manufacturing Process
36. HOW TO BEGIN FLY ASH BRICK MANUFACTURING BUSINESS
36.1 Determine a Business Plan
36.2 Required Space
36.3 Abundance of Water
36.4 Availability of Raw Material
36.5 Required Machinery
36.6 Worker Attainability
36.7 Costing
36.8 Analyze the Competitor
36.9 Profitability
37. AAC BLOCKS (AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS)
PRODUCTION-FLY ASH BASED
37.1 History About ACC Blocks
37.2 Benefits of AAC Blocks
37.3 AAC Blocks Manufacturing
37.4 Ingredients of AAC Blocks
37.5 Process
37.5.1 Raw Material Preparation  
37.5.2 Dosing and Mixing
37.5.3 Moulding, Rising and Pre-Curing
37.5.4 De-Moulding and Wire Cutting
37.5.5 Autoclaving of AAC blocks
38. MOSAIC FLOORING TILES PRODUCTION PROCESS
38.1 History of Mosaic Art
38.2 How to Make Mosaic Art
38.3 Purpose of Mosaic Floor Tiles
38.4 Construction of Mosaic Flooring
38.5 Advantages of Mosaic Floor Tiles
38.6 Disadvantages of Mosaic Tiles
38.7 Types of Mosaic Floor Tiles
38.7.1 Chevron Mosaic Tile
38.7.2 Penny Hexagonal Tile
38.7.3 Hexagon Mosaic Tile
38.7.4 Octagonal Mosaic Tiles
38.7.5 Herringbone Floor Tiles
38.7.6 Glass Mosaics
38.7.7 Metal Mosaics
38.7.8 Natural Pebble (Stone) Mosaics
38.7.9 Natural Wood Mosaics
38.7.10 Marble Mosaic Tile
38.7.11 Porcelain Mosaic Tile
38.8 There are Three Method
38.8.1 Direct Method
38.8.2 Indirect Method
38.9 Manufacture of Mosaic Tiles
38.9.1 Preparation of Clay
38.9.2 Moulding
38.9.3 Drying
38.9.4 Burning
38.9.5 Pollution Control
38.9.6 Energy Conservation
39. HOW TO PRODUCE WALL PUTTY
39.1 Types of Wall Putty
39.1.1 Cement Wall Putty
39.1.2 Acrylic Wall Putty
39.2 Is Plaster the Same as Wall Putty?
39.3 What does Wall Putty do in Building?
39.4 Benefits of Using Wall Putty
39.4.1 Repairing Cracks and Damages on Walls
39.4.2 Providing a Base for New Paint
39.4.3 Improving Insulation
39.4.4 Easy to Use and Apply
39.4.5 Quick-Drying Time
39.4.6 Resistant to Moisture
39.4.7 Wall Putty doesn’t Flake or Get Easily Damaged
39.5 Chemical Composition
39.6 Applications
39.6.1 Use in Construction
39.6.2 Polyester Based Putty
39.6.3 Plumber’s Putty
39.6.4 Other Uses
39.7 Wall Putty vs. White Cement
39.8 Wall Putty vs. POP
39.9 Raw Material
39.10 Putty Manufacturing Process
39.10.1 Raw Material Unloading & Storage
39.10.2 Weighing/Batching of the Ingredients
39.10.3 Conveying of Raw Material to Charge Hoppers
39.10.4 Blending & Mixing
39.11 Main Components of the Wall Putty Making
Machine
39.11.1 Raw Material Storage Equipment
39.11.2 Dosing Device
39.11.3 Mixer
39.11.4 Packaging Machine
39.11.5 Dust Collector
39.11.6 Conveying and Lifting Equipment
40. READY MIX CONCRETE
40.1 Merits of R.M.C.
40.2 Scope of Ready Mix Concrete
40.3 Materials Required For Ready Mix Concrete
40.4 Mixing Process
40.4.1 Transit Mixed (or “Truck-Mixed”) Concrete
40.4.2 Shrink Mixed Concrete
40.4.3 Central Mixed Concrete
40.5 Slurry Mixing
40.6 Equipment Required In Ready Mixed Concrete
40.6.1 Batching
40.6.2 Inline Bins
40.6.3 Silos
40.7 Tests Carried on R.M.C
40.8 Ready Mix Concrete Quality Testing Methods
40.8.1 Concrete Slump Tests
40.8.2 Air Content Testing
40.8.3 Unit Weight
40.8.4 On-Field Testing of Existing Concrete
40.8.5 Schmidt Rebound Hammer
40.8.6 Destructive Concrete Testing
40.8.7 Comprehensive Strength Laboratory Test
41. HOW TO MAKE MANUFACTURED SAND
41.1 M Sand Types
41.2 Why is Manufactured Sand Significant Today?
41.4 The Factors that Promote the Development of Artificial
Sand
41.4.1 Natural Sand Depletion
41.4.2 The Need for Energy Saving and Environmental
Protection
41.4.3 The Need for the Development of High-Performance
Concrete Technology
41.5 Advantages of Manufactured Sand
41.6 Manufactured Sand Production Process
41.7 Coarse and Fine Crushing
41.7.1 Primary Crushing
41.7.2 Jaw Crusher
41.7.3 Secondary Crushing
41.8 Impact Crusher
41.9 Cone Crusher
41.10 Sand Making and Screening
41.11 Sand Washing and Recycling
42. ISO STANDARDS
43. INDIAN STANDARD CODES
44. BIS STANDARDS
45. PLANT LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW CHART & DIAGRAM
46. PHOTOGRAPHS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY WITH SUPPLIERS
CONTACT DETAILS
• Automatic Block Making Machine
• Hydraulic Interlocking Block Machine
• Rotary Kiln
• Rotary Cooler
• Cement Clinker Ball Mill
• Weigh Feeder
• Cone Crusher
• Jaw Crushers
• Sand Rotary Dryer
• Psc Pole Mold Making Machine
• Vibratory Feeder
• Fly Ash Brick Making Machines
• Prestressed Electric Pole Mould
• Prestressed Concrete Pipe Mould
• Cement Packing Machine
• Clinker Granulator
• Concrete Sleeper Steel Moulds
• Rotary Cooler
• Steel Silo
• Bucket Elevator
• Belt Conveyors
• Roof Tile Forming Machine
• Artificial Sand Making Machine
• Paver Block Making Machine
• Concrete Testing Machines
• Wall Putty Making Machine
• Prestressed Concrete Hollow Core Slab Machine

 

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ABOUT NPCS

NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical consultancy services. NPCS is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related industries.

Our various services are: Detailed Project Report, Business Plan for Manufacturing Plant, Start-up Ideas, Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs, Start up Business Opportunities, entrepreneurship projects, Successful Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, project report, Cost and Revenue, Pre-feasibility study for Profitable Manufacturing Business, Project Identification, Project Feasibility and Market Study, Identification of Profitable Industrial Project Opportunities, Business Opportunities, Investment Opportunities for Most Profitable Business in India, Manufacturing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profile, Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Study, Market Research Study, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report, Identification and Section of Plant, Process, Equipment, General Guidance, Startup Help, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial project and Most Profitable Small Scale Business.

NPCS also publishes varies process technology, technical, reference, self employment and startup books, directory, business and industry database, bankable detailed project report, market research report on various industries, small scale industry and profit making business. Besides being used by manufacturers, industrialists and entrepreneurs, our publications are also used by professionals including project engineers, information services bureau, consultants and project consultancy firms as one of the input in their research.

Our Detailed Project report aims at providing all the critical data required by any entrepreneur vying to venture into Project. While expanding a current business or while venturing into new business, entrepreneurs are often faced with the dilemma of zeroing in on a suitable product/line.

And before diversifying/venturing into any product, wish to study the following aspects of the identified product:
  • Good Present/Future Demand
  • Export-Import Market Potential
  • Raw Material & Manpower Availability
  • Project Costs and Payback Period

We at NPCS, through our reliable expertise in the project consultancy and market research field, Provides exhaustive information about the project, which satisfies all the above mentioned requirements and has high growth potential in the markets. And through our report we aim to help you make sound and informed business decision.

Reasons for buying the report:
  • This report helps you to identify a profitable project for investing or diversifying into by throwing light to crucial areas like industry size, demand of the product and reasons for investing in the product.
  • This report provides vital information on the product like its definition, characteristics and segmentation.
  • This report helps you market and place the product correctly by identifying the target customer group of the product.
  • This report helps you understand the viability of the project by disclosing details like raw materials required, manufacturing process, project costs and snapshot of other project financials.
  • The report provides forecasts of key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance and make sound business decision.
The report contains all the data which will help an entrepreneur find answers to questions like:
  • Why I should invest in this project?
  • What will drive the growth of the product?
  • What are the costs involved?
  • What will be the market potential?

The report first focuses on enhancing the basic knowledge of the entrepreneur about the main product, by elucidating details like product definition, its uses and applications, industry segmentation as well as an overall overview of the industry sector in India. The report then helps an entrepreneur identify the target customer group of its product. It further helps in making sound investment decision by listing and then elaborating on factors that will contribute to the growth of product consumption in India and also talks about the foreign trade of the product along with the list of top importing and top exporting countries. Report includes graphical representation and forecasts of key data discussed in the above mentioned segment. It further explicates the growth potential of the product. The report includes other market data like key players in the Industry segment along with their contact information and recent developments. It includes crucial information like raw material requirements, list of machinery and manufacturing process for the plant. Core project financials like plant capacity, costs involved in setting up of project, working capital requirements, projected revenue and profit are further listed in the report.

Our Approach:

  • Our research reports broadly cover Indian markets, present analysis, outlook and forecast.
  • The market forecasts are developed on the basis of secondary research and are cross-validated through interactions with the industry players.
  • We use reliable sources of information and databases. And information from such sources is processed by us and included in the report.

Our Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report Contains following information:

Introduction
  • Project Introduction
  • Project Objective and Strategy
  • Concise History of the Product
  • Properties
  • BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification
  • Uses & Applications
Market Study and Assessment
  • Current Indian Market Scenario
  • Present Market Demand and Supply
  • Estimated Future Market Demand and Forecast
  • Statistics of Import & Export
  • Names & Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players)
  • Market Opportunity
Raw Material
  • List of Raw Materials
  • Properties of Raw Materials
  • Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials
  • List of Suppliers and Manufacturers
Personnel (Manpower) Requirements
  • Requirement of Staff & Labor (Skilled and Unskilled) Managerial, Technical, Office Staff and Marketing Personnel
Plant and Machinery
  • List of Plant & Machinery
  • Miscellaneous Items
  • Appliances & Equipments
  • Laboratory Equipments & Accessories
  • Electrification
  • Electric Load & Water
  • Maintenance Cost
  • Sources of Plant & Machinery (Suppliers and Manufacturers)
Manufacturing Process and Formulations
  • Detailed Process of Manufacture with Formulation
  • Packaging Required
  • Process Flow Sheet Diagram
Infrastructure and Utilities
  • Project Location
  • Requirement of Land Area
  • Rates of the Land
  • Built Up Area
  • Construction Schedule
  • Plant Layout and Requirement of Utilities

Project at a Glance

Assumptions for Profitability workings
Plant Economics
Production Schedule
Land & Building
  • Factory Land & Building
  • Site Development Expenses
Plant & Machinery
  • Indigenous Machineries
  • Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)
Other Fixed Assets
  • Furniture & Fixtures
  • Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses
  • Technical Knowhow
  • Provision of Contingencies
Working Capital Requirement Per Month
  • Raw Material
  • Packing Material
  • Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
  • Consumable Store
Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum
  • Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)
  • Royalty and Other Charges
  • Selling and Distribution Expenses
Salary and Wages
Turnover Per Annum
Share Capital
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals
  • Revenue/Income/Realisation
  • Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items
  • Gross Profit
  • Financial Charges
  • Total Cost of Sales
  • Net Profit After Taxes
  • Net Cash Accruals
Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
  • Current Assets
  • Gross Working. Capital
  • Current Liabilities
  • Net Working Capital
  • Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets
  • ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)
  • RONW (Average of Share Capital)
  • ROI (Average of Total Assets)
Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios
  • D.S.C.R
  • Earnings Per Share (EPS)
  • Debt Equity Ratio
Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis
  • Variable Cost & Expenses
  • Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.
  • Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)
  • Fixed Expenses / Cost
  • B.E.P
Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume
  • Resultant N.P.B.T
  • Resultant D.S.C.R
  • Resultant PV Ratio
  • Resultant DER
  • Resultant ROI
  • Resultant BEP
Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
  • Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services
  • Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items
  • Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items
  • Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation
Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit
Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,
Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit
Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses
Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges
Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses
Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses
Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)
Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)
Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits
Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR