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  • The Complete Book on Waste Treatment Technologies (Industrial, Biomedical, Water, Electronic, Municipal, Household/ Kitchen, Farm Animal, Dairy, Poultry, Meat, Fish & Sea Food Industry Waste and Machinery Equipment Details)
  • The Complete Book on Waste Treatment Technologies (Industrial, Biomedical, Water, Electronic, Municipal, Household/ Kitchen, Farm Animal, Dairy, Poultry, Meat, Fish & Sea Food Industry Waste and Machinery Equipment Details)
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The Complete Book on Waste Treatment Technologies (Industrial, Biomedical, Water, Electronic, Municipal, Household/ Kitchen, Farm Animal, Dairy, Poultry, Meat, Fish & Sea Food Industry Waste and Machinery Equipment Details) ( New Arrival ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Author PROF. DR. MAHENDRA PAL ISBN 9788195676910
Code EI349 Format Paperback
Price: Rs 2095   2095 US$ 53   53
Pages: 584 Published 2022
Publisher NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
Usually Ships within 5
Buy Now Add to cart Add to wishlist

 

Waste management is a global problem that continues to increase with rapid industrialization, population growth, and economic development. As the world hurtles towards the urban future, the amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is growing very fast. Waste includes any solid material or material that is suspended dissolved or transported in water or deposited on land. Wastes are generally classified into solid, liquid, & gaseous and are broadly classified as household waste; municipal waste; commercial and non-hazardous industrial wastes; e- waste, hazardous (toxic) industrial wastes; construction and demolition waste; health care wastes – waste generated in health care facilities (e.g. hospitals, medical research facilities); human and animal wastes; and incinerator wastes.

In the recent years, modern society has become more responsible when it comes to waste management. The fast industrialization, urbanization, modern technology, and rapidly growing population in India have posed a serious challenge to the waste management. In India, per capita generation rate of municipal solid waste ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 kg/day. At present, the daily generation rate in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific combined is approximately 1.0 million tons per day.

The current scenario reveals that there is a tremendous scope for the development of waste treatment technologies and is expected to offer significant opportunities in the near future. Sustainability of waste management is the key for providing an effective service that can satisfy the need of end users. Solid Waste Management sector in India has become a very lucrative sector for investors. With a growing urgency for efficient waste management in many cities, there will be more and more employment opportunities in the sector. The participation of different sectors, roll of Government and private organization is important for better management of waste.

This book describes the various waste treatment technologies like; Physical treatment techniques, biological treatment techniques, anaerobic lagoon techniques etc. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, students, teachers, researchers, administrators, and planners of various disciplines who are directly or indirectly involved in the waste management.

 

 


1. Introduction                                                                                         

    2.    Types Of Wastes                                                                          

            A. Livestock Farm Wastes

            Current Methods for Disposal of Livestock Mortalities

            Burial

            Burning

            Incineration

            Rendering

            Composting

            Future of Livestock Mortality Disposal

            Novel Disposal Methods

            Carcass Storage and Bioreduction Methods

            Reasons for Concern

            Pollution Potential of Farm Animal Wastes

            Magnitude of the Problem

            Properties of Animal Wastes

            Physical Properties

            Chemical and Biological Properties

            Fertilizer Value

            Handling of Farm Animal Wastes

            Storage of Farm Animal Wastes

            Treatment of Farm Animal Wastes

            Physical Treatment

            Chemical Treatment

            Biological Treatment

            Composting

            Anaerobic Digestion

            Lagoon Treatment

            Aerobic Treatment

            Economics of Farm Animal Waste Treatment

            B. Biomedical Wastes

            Classification of Biomedical Waste

            Handling, Storage, and Transportation of Healthcare Waste

            On-site Collection, Transport, and Storage of Waste

            Collection

            Storage

            On-site Transport

            Off-site Transportation of Waste

            Special Packaging Requirements for Off-site Transport

            Handling, Storage, and Transportation of Healthcare Waste

            Routing

            Biomedical Waste Treatment

            Incineration Technology

            Non-Incineration Technology

            Autoclaving

            Microwave Irradiation

            Chemical Methods

            Selection of Suitable Treatment Technology

            Common Treatment Facility

            Mobile Treatment/Disposal System

            C. Industrial Wastes

            Description of Important Industrial Solid Waste

            Coal Ash

            Integrated Iron and Steel Plant Slag

            Phosphogypsum

            Red Mud

            Lime Mud

            Waste Sludge and Residues

            Potential Reuse of Solid Wastes

            Prevention-A Waste Minimization Approach

            Inventory Management and Improved Operations

            Modification of Equipment

            Production Process Changes

            Recycling and Reuse

            Waste Management at Source

            Collection and Transport of Industrial Wastes

            Storage and Transportation

            Disposal of Industrial Solid Waste

            Health Consequences of Poor Industrial Waste Disposal

            Waste Segregation

            Combined Treatment Facilities

            Landfill

            Waste Reduction Techniques

            Benefits of Cleaner Production

            Industrial Hazardous Wastes

            Industrial Nonhazardous Wastes

            Radioactive Wastes

            D. Abattoir Wastes

            Sources of Waste in Red Meat Abattoirs

            Best Management Practices

            Existing Methods for Disposal of Meat Production Waste

            Burial

            Composting

            Incineration

            Rendering

            Rendering Industry

            Recent Events Affecting the Rendering Industry

            Dead Stock Collection, Transportation and Receiving

            Dead Stock Collectors and Receivers

            Anaerobic Digestion of Protein Rich Substrate

            Co-digestion Plant Design and Operation

            E. Household/Kitchen Wastes

            Disposal of Household Hazardous Waste

            Disposal Problems

            Disposal Problems in the Trash

            Disposal Problems on the Ground

            Disposal Problems in Storm Sewers

            Worm Composting

            F. Municipal Wastes

            Anaerobic Digestion Process

            Various Ad Systems

            Important Operating Parameters in AD Process

            Waste Composition/Volatile Solids (VS)

            pH Level

            Temperature

            Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio (C/N)

            Total Solids Content (TS) / Organic Loading Rate (Olr)

            Retention (or Residence) Time

            Mixing

            Compost

            Biogas Composition

            Development and Present Status of Ad Technology

            Historical Background

            Types of Ad Systems

            Single Stage Process

            Single Stage Low Solids (Ssls) Process

            Single Stage High Solids (Sshs) Process

            Multi-stage Process

            Multi-stage Low Solids Process

            Multi-stage High Solids Process

            Batch Reactors

            G. Dairy Industries Wastes:

            Sources of Wastes

            Waste Characteristics

            Treatment of Dairy Wastes

            Checking of Dairy Effluent

            Preventive Attitudes

            Waste Management Issues for Dairy Processors

            Cheese Making

            Whey Condensing

            Shell and Tube Condensers

            Mechanical Vapor Recompression (Mvr)

            Ultra Filtration

            Reverse Osmosis

            Waste Water Treatment Options

            Aerated Lagoons

            Activated Sludge

            Sequencing Batch Reactors

            Biological Tower

            Spray Irrigation

            Ridge and Furrow Systems

            Absorption Ponds

            Hauling and Land Application

            Wpdes Permit Issuance

            Surface Water Effluent Limits

            Land Application of Waste Water

            Phosphorus Limitations

            Chloride Limitations

            Aerated Lagoon Treatment Systems

            Winter Spreading of Waste

            H. Fish and Seafood Processing Unit’s Wastes

            Liquid Effluent

            Solid Waste

            Other Waste Components

            Waste Management

            Typical Waste Treatment Scenario

            Data on Receiving Environment

            Biologically Activated Rock Phosphate Fertilizer

            Fish Processing Waste Disposal Practices and Options

            Waste Water Characteristics

            I. Poultry Farm Waste

            Options and Considerations for Poultry Waste Management

            Animal Refeeding

            Bioenergy Production

            Dead Birds Disposal:

            Composting

            Incineration

            J. Electronic Wastes

            E-waste in India

            Impacts of E-wastes

            Impacts of Informal Recycling

            Status of E-waste Management in India

            E-waste Management Strategies

            Electronic Waste Items List

            Electronic Wastes: A Rising Global Phenomenon

            Electronic Wastes: The Environmental and Human Rights Dimensions

            Regulatory Responses to the Electronic Waste Phenomenon

            K. Other Wastes

            Construction Waste Management

            Eliminating Waste

            Minimizing Waste

            Reusing Materials

            Federal Regulations

            Management

            Project Level-enhancing Project Value and Performance

            Organization Level-stewardship of Corporate Values and Priorities

            Disposition Level-management of Diversion and Disposal

            Construction and Demolition Wastes

            Best Management Practices

            Process

            Collection and Hauling

            Containerization and Transport

            Prevalence of Common Materials

            1. Waste Management Planning

            2. Facility Design

            3. Construction Contract Requirements

            4. Jobsite Waste Reduction

            Emerging Issues

            Plastic Waste and Its Disposal

            Radioactive Waste and Their Environmentally Sound Management

            Manual Loading of Waste

            Loading of Waste Through Front End Loader and Trucks

            Garbage Loaded in Open Trucks Causing Nuisance

            Measures to be Taken to Improve the System

            Steps to be Taken to Meet the Above Objectives

            Transportation of Construction Waste and Debris

            Waste Disposal Management

            Waste Types that Should not to be Incinerated

            Pharmaceutical Disposal

            Management of Municipal Solid Waste in India

            Waste Management: Global Perspective

            Waste Generation

            Development Trends for Waste and Wastewater

            Global Overview of Waste Management

            Landfill CH4: Regional Trends

            Wastewater and Human Sewage CH4 and N2O: Regional Trends

            CO2 From Waste Incineration

            Waste Management and Ghg-Mitigation Technologies

            CH4 Management at Landfills

            Incineration and Other Thermal Processes for Waste-to-energy

            Biological Treatment Including Composting, Anaerobic Digestion, and Mechanical

            Waste Reduction, Re-use and Recycling

            Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

            Waste Management and Mitigation Costs and Potentials

            Fluorinated Gases: End-of-life Issues, Data and Trends in the Waste Sector

            Air Quality Issues: Nmvocs and Combustion Emissions

            Reducing Landfill Ch4 Emissions

            Incineration and Other Thermal Processes for Waste-to-energy

            Waste Minimization, Re-use and Recycling

            Policies and Measures on Fluorinated Gases

            Municipal Solid Waste Management

            Wastewater Management

            Disposal of Fallen Animals in the Field/Forest

            Rendering Industry

            Recent Events Affecting the Rendering Industry

            Deadstock Collection, Transportation and Receiving

    3.    Human Pathogens in Animal Agriculture

            Production Systems                                                               

            Viruses

            Chlamydia

            Coxiella Burnetii

            Bacteria

            Aeromonas Hydrophila

            Arcobacter

            Bacillus Anthracis

            Brucella

            Campylobacter

            Clostridium Perfringens

            Escherichia Coli

            Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

            Francisella Tularensis

            Leptospira Species

            Listeria Monocytogenes

            Salmonella

            Yersinia

            Mycotic Agents

            Parasites (Protozoans and Helminths)

            Ascaris

            Balantidium Coli

            Cryptosporidium Parvum

            Giardia

            Toxoplasma

            Other Organism

            Microsporidia

            Faecal Indicator Organisms

    4.    Pathogen Reductions during Waste

            Treatment                                                                                       

            Manure Solids Waste

            Dry Techniques: Composting

            Manure Slurry Treatment Techniques

            Physical Treatment Techniques

            Biological Treatment Techniques

            Anaerobic Lagoon Treatment

            Multiple Lagoon Systems

            Aerated Lagoons and Oxidation Ponds

            Anaerobic Digestion

            Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion

            Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion

            Aerobic Digestion

            Mesophilic Aerobic Digestion

            Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion

            Activated Sludge

            Biofiltration

            Constructed Wetlands

            Overland Flow

            Disinfection and Chemical Treatments

            Chlorine

            Ozone

            Chlorine Dioxide

            Ultraviolet Light (UV) Irradiation

            Lime Stabilization

            Pasteurization

            Animal Waste Disposal or Recycling Options

            Land Application

            Spray Fields

    5.    Aerosolization of Pathogens                                        

            Microbial Detection Analysis Techniques

            On-farm Verification of Microbial Reduction by Corrective Measures

            Real-time Measurement Techniques

            Public Health Hazards due to Wastes

            Hazardous Substances Associated with Waste Management

            Impact of Waste Management Practices on Health

            Individual Pollutants

            Health Effects in Communities

            Control of Hazards

            Safe Work Practices

            Ppe Hazard Assessment and Training

            Systems to Track Hazard Correction

            Emergency Preparation

            Emergency Preparedness

            Current Scenario and Future Challenges of Municipal Solid Waste Management in India

            Conclusions

            Recommendations

    6.    Photographs of Plant & Machinery

            with Supplier’s Contact Details                                  

            Biomining Machines

            Waste Recycling Plant

            Animal Waste Recycling Plant

            Biomedical Waste Machines

            Dairy Waste Recovery Machine

            Agro Waste Biomass Briquetting Plant

            Food Waste Composting Machine

    7.    Appendices                                                                                       

            Appendix–I

            Appendix–II

            Appendix–III

            Appendix–iv

            Appendix–V

            Appendix–Vi

            Appendix–Vii

            Appendix–Viii

            Appendix–Ix

            Appendix–X

            Appendix–Xi

            Appendix–Xii

            Appendix–Xiii

            Annexure–xiv

            Annexure–Xv

            Annexure–Xvi

            Annexure–Xvii

            Annexure–Xviii

            Annexure–Xix

            Annexure–xx

            Annexure–Xxi

            Annexure–Xxii

            Annexure–Xxiii

            Annexure–Xxiv

            Annexure–Xxv

            Appendix–Xxvi

            Appendix–Xxvii

            Appendix–xxviii

            Appendix–Xxix

            Annexure–Xxx

            Appendix–xxxi

            Appendix–xxxii

            Appendix–Xxxiii

    8.    Glossary                                                                                           

    9.    References

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Our Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report Contains following information:

Introduction
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  • Properties
  • BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification
  • Uses & Applications
Market Study and Assessment
  • Current Indian Market Scenario
  • Present Market Demand and Supply
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Raw Material
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Personnel (Manpower) Requirements
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Plant and Machinery
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Manufacturing Process and Formulations
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Infrastructure and Utilities
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Project at a Glance

Assumptions for Profitability workings
Plant Economics
Production Schedule
Land & Building
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Plant & Machinery
  • Indigenous Machineries
  • Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)
Other Fixed Assets
  • Furniture & Fixtures
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  • Technical Knowhow
  • Provision of Contingencies
Working Capital Requirement Per Month
  • Raw Material
  • Packing Material
  • Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
  • Consumable Store
Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum
  • Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)
  • Royalty and Other Charges
  • Selling and Distribution Expenses
Salary and Wages
Turnover Per Annum
Share Capital
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals
  • Revenue/Income/Realisation
  • Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items
  • Gross Profit
  • Financial Charges
  • Total Cost of Sales
  • Net Profit After Taxes
  • Net Cash Accruals
Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
  • Current Assets
  • Gross Working. Capital
  • Current Liabilities
  • Net Working Capital
  • Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets
  • ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)
  • RONW (Average of Share Capital)
  • ROI (Average of Total Assets)
Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios
  • D.S.C.R
  • Earnings Per Share (EPS)
  • Debt Equity Ratio
Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis
  • Variable Cost & Expenses
  • Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.
  • Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)
  • Fixed Expenses / Cost
  • B.E.P
Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume
  • Resultant N.P.B.T
  • Resultant D.S.C.R
  • Resultant PV Ratio
  • Resultant DER
  • Resultant ROI
  • Resultant BEP
Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
  • Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services
  • Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items
  • Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items
  • Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation
Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit
Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,
Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit
Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses
Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges
Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses
Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses
Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)
Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)
Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits
Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR