Petroleum & Petroleum Products Technology Handbook (Thermal Cracking of Pure Saturated Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Asphalts, Refinery Products, Blending and Compounding, Oil Refining and Residual Fuel Oils)

Petroleum & Petroleum Products Technology Handbook (Thermal Cracking of Pure Saturated Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Asphalts, Refinery Products, Blending and Compounding, Oil Refining and Residual Fuel Oils) ( New Arrival )

Author	NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers	ISBN	9788193733912
Code	ENI528	Format	Paperback
Price: Rs	1875	US$	51
Pages:	440	Published	2019
Publisher	Niir Project Consultancy Services
Usually Ships within	5 days

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Petroleum asphalt is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present in most petroleum crude oils and in some natural deposits. Petroleum crude oil is a complex mixture of a great many different hydrocarbons. Refined petroleum products are derived from crude oils through processes such as catalytic cracking and fractional distillation. Refining is a necessary step before oil can be burned as fuel or used to create end products.

Residual fuel oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons prepared by blending a residuum component with a flux stock which is a distillate component diluent, to give the desired viscosity of the fuel oil produced.Petroleum refining is the process of separating the many compoundspresent in crude petroleum.An Oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant wherecrude oil is processed and refined into more useful products

The global Petroleum Asphalt market is valued at USD 48.8 Billion in 2017 and is expected to reach USD 77.67 Billion by the end of 2024, growing at a Growth Rate of 6.87% between 2017 and 2024.The global bunker fuel market was valued at $137,215.5 million in 2017 and is expected to reach $273,050.4 million by 2025, registering a CAGR of 9.4% from 2018 to 2025.

Some of the fundamentals of the book are composition of radiation effects on lubricants, thermal cracking of pure saturatedhydrocarbons, petroleum asphalts, refinery products, refinery feedstocks, blending and compounding, oil refining, residual fuel oils, distillate heating oils, formulations of petroleum, photographs of machinery withsuppliers contact details.

A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today's most lucrative petroleum industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of the petroleum industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on the commercial production of petroleum products. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.

1. RADIATION EFFECTS ON LUBRICANTS

Introduction

Interaction of Radiation with Organic Matter

General Physical Effects of Radiolysis

Base Oils

The Radiation Environment

Hydrocarbons (Petroleum Oils)

Alkylaromatics

Ethers

Esters

Silicones

Halogenated Compounds

Additives

Radiation Damage Inhibitors

Antioxidants

Viscosity Index Improvers

Antiwear Additives

Extreme Pressure (EP) Agents

Foam Inhibitors

Rust Inhibitors

Environmental Factors

Effects of Radiation Type and Intensity

Role of Temperature

Influence of Oxygen

Oil Lubricants

General: Commerical formulations

Based on Alkylaromatic Fluids

Fluids Based on Poly (phenyl ethers)

Steam Turbine Oils

Aircraft Turbine Oils

Hydraulic Fluids

Lubricating Greases

Gelling Agents

CONTENTS

Base Oils

Commerical Greases

Greases of Enhanced Radiation Resistance

Dynamic Tests

Principles

2. THERMAL CRACKING OF PURE SATURATED

HYDROCARBONS 65-102

Introduction

Experimental Methods

Batch Reactors

Flow Reactors

Residence Time

Volume Change on Reaction

Kinetics of the Cracking Process

Rates of Decomposition

Straight Chain Paraffins

Correlation of the Rate Constants for n-Paraffins

Effect of Branching on the Rate of Decomposition

Effect of Pressure on the Decomposition of Paraffinic

Hydrocarbons

Rates of Decomposition–Saturated Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Estimation of Rate Constant of Decomposition

APPENDIX

Calculation of Product Distribution from Paraffin Cracking by the Rice-Kossiakoff Method.

3. PETROLEUM ASPHALTS

Chemical and Physical Composition

Possible Structures of the Nuclei in Resins and Asphaltenes

Manufacture of Asphalt from Petroleum

uses of Asphalts

4. REFINERY PRODUCTS

Low-boiling Products

Gasoline

Gasoline Specifications

Distillate Fuels

Jet and Turbine Fuels

Automotive Diesel Fuels

Railroad Diesel Fuels

Heating Oils

Residual Fuel Oils

5. REFINERY FEEDSTOCKS

Crude Oil Properties

1. API Gravity

2. Sulfur Content, Wt%

3. Pour Point, °F (°C)

4. Carbon Residue, Wt%

5. Salt Content, 1lb/1000 bbl

6. Characterization Factors

7. Nitrogen Content, Wt%

8. Distilation Range

9. Metals Content, ppm

10. Total Acid Number

Composition of Petroleum

1. Paraffins

2. Olefins

3. Naphthenes (Cycloparaffins)

4. Aromatics

Crudes Suitable for Asphalt Manufacture

Crude Distillation Curves

Problems

6. BLENDING AND COMPOUNDING

7. OIL REFINING

Introduction

General Aspects of Oil Refining

Crude Oils and Products

Crude Oil Constituents

Classification of Crude Oils

Oil Products

1. Gas Fuels

2. Liquid Fuels

Nonfuel Applications

Oil Refining Processes

Crude Oil Distillation

Atmospheric Distillation

Vacuum Distillation

Crude Oil Desalting

Catalytic Cracking (Cat Cracking)

Hydrotreating

Distillate Hydrotreating

Pyrolysis Gasoline Hydrotreating

Desulfurizing by Adsorption

Catalytic Reforming

Introduction

Semiregenerative Reformer

Fully Regenerative Reformer

Continuously Regenerative Reformer

Hydrocracking

Residue Conversation Process Introduction

Fundamentals of Residue Conversion and Process Options

Hydrogen Addition (‘‘H-in’’) Processes

Residue Hydrotreating (Demetallization, Desulfurization,

Denitrification)

Residue Hydrocracking (Hydroconversion)

Carbon Rejection (‘‘C-out’’) Processes

Thermal Processes (Visbreaking, Coking)

Catalytic Processes (Residue Cat Cracking)

Other Processes

Extraction of Asphaltenes

Partial Oxidation

Process Combinations

Gasoline Upgrading Processes

1. Alkylation

2. Polymerization

3. Isomerization

4. Production of Ethers (MTBE, ETBE)

Other Processes

Gas Treating

Sulfur Recovery

Catalysts

Environmental Protection in Oil Refining

Introduction

Manufacturing Emissions

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons in Air

Hydrocarbons in Wastewater

Hydrocarbons in Soil and Groundwater

Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds

Sulfur Compounds

Nitrogen Compounds

Consumer Related Emissions

Transportation Fuels

Motor Gasoline

Diesel Fuel

Marine Fules

Fuels for Heat Generation

Cost of Environmental Conservation

Integrated Refinery Models

Trends of Refinery Structures

Hydroskimming Refinery

Conversion Concepts

Cat Cracking – Visbreaking Refinery

Hydrocraking- Cat Cracking Refinery

Hydrocracking – Coking Refinery

Integration of Existing Refineries

Corrosion and Materials

Testing and Analysis

Crude Oil and Product Properties

Testing Methods and Standards

Storage and Transport

8. RESIDUAL FUEL OILS

History

Specifications For Residual Fuels

Fluidity

Thermal Stability

Explosiveness

Pacific Specifications for Fuel Oils

Detailed Inspections of Heavy Fuels

End uses of Residual Fuel Oils

Steam Boilers

Industrial Applications

Diesel Engines

Gas Turbines

Gas-enrichment Oils

Problems Associated with Utilization

Sulfur in Residual Fuel Oils

Ash Possible Source of Contaminants

Soot and Carbon Particles

Instability and Incompatibility

The Combustion of Residual Fuels

Heating Value

Chemistry of Combustion

Flue-gas Analysis

Humidity in Air and Flue Gases

Heat Content of Flue Gases

Specific Heat of Fuel Oils

Residual Fuel Oil Burners

9. DISTILLATE HEATING OILS

Status of the Heating-Oil Industry

Burners, Controls and Tanks

Central-Heating Systems

Burning Qualities in Oils

Stability in Heating Oils

Handling and Delivery

10. FORMULATIONS OF PETROLEUM

11. PHOTOGRAPHS OF MACHINERY WITH SUPPLIERS CONTACT DETAILS

ABOUT NPCS

NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical consultancy services. NPCS is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related industries.

Our various services are: Detailed Project Report, Business Plan for Manufacturing Plant, Start-up Ideas, Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs, Start up Business Opportunities, entrepreneurship projects, Successful Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, project report, Cost and Revenue, Pre-feasibility study for Profitable Manufacturing Business, Project Identification, Project Feasibility and Market Study, Identification of Profitable Industrial Project Opportunities, Business Opportunities, Investment Opportunities for Most Profitable Business in India, Manufacturing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profile, Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Study, Market Research Study, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report, Identification and Section of Plant, Process, Equipment, General Guidance, Startup Help, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial project and Most Profitable Small Scale Business.

NPCS also publishes varies process technology, technical, reference, self employment and startup books, directory, business and industry database, bankable detailed project report, market research report on various industries, small scale industry and profit making business. Besides being used by manufacturers, industrialists and entrepreneurs, our publications are also used by professionals including project engineers, information services bureau, consultants and project consultancy firms as one of the input in their research.

Our Detailed Project report aims at providing all the critical data required by any entrepreneur vying to venture into Project. While expanding a current business or while venturing into new business, entrepreneurs are often faced with the dilemma of zeroing in on a suitable product/line.

And before diversifying/venturing into any product, wish to study the following aspects of the identified product:

Good Present/Future Demand
Export-Import Market Potential
Raw Material & Manpower Availability
Project Costs and Payback Period

We at NPCS, through our reliable expertise in the project consultancy and market research field, Provides exhaustive information about the project, which satisfies all the above mentioned requirements and has high growth potential in the markets. And through our report we aim to help you make sound and informed business decision.

Reasons for buying the report:

This report helps you to identify a profitable project for investing or diversifying into by throwing light to crucial areas like industry size, demand of the product and reasons for investing in the product.
This report provides vital information on the product like its definition, characteristics and segmentation.
This report helps you market and place the product correctly by identifying the target customer group of the product.
This report helps you understand the viability of the project by disclosing details like raw materials required, manufacturing process, project costs and snapshot of other project financials.
The report provides forecasts of key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance and make sound business decision.

The report contains all the data which will help an entrepreneur find answers to questions like:

Why I should invest in this project?
What will drive the growth of the product?
What are the costs involved?
What will be the market potential?

The report first focuses on enhancing the basic knowledge of the entrepreneur about the main product, by elucidating details like product definition, its uses and applications, industry segmentation as well as an overall overview of the industry sector in India. The report then helps an entrepreneur identify the target customer group of its product. It further helps in making sound investment decision by listing and then elaborating on factors that will contribute to the growth of product consumption in India and also talks about the foreign trade of the product along with the list of top importing and top exporting countries. Report includes graphical representation and forecasts of key data discussed in the above mentioned segment. It further explicates the growth potential of the product. The report includes other market data like key players in the Industry segment along with their contact information and recent developments. It includes crucial information like raw material requirements, list of machinery and manufacturing process for the plant. Core project financials like plant capacity, costs involved in setting up of project, working capital requirements, projected revenue and profit are further listed in the report.

Our Approach:

Our research reports broadly cover Indian markets, present analysis, outlook and forecast.
The market forecasts are developed on the basis of secondary research and are cross-validated through interactions with the industry players.
We use reliable sources of information and databases. And information from such sources is processed by us and included in the report.

Our Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report Contains following information:

Introduction

Project Introduction
Project Objective and Strategy
Concise History of the Product
Properties
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification
Uses & Applications

Market Study and Assessment

Current Indian Market Scenario
Present Market Demand and Supply
Estimated Future Market Demand and Forecast
Statistics of Import & Export
Names & Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players)
Market Opportunity

Raw Material

List of Raw Materials
Properties of Raw Materials
Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials
List of Suppliers and Manufacturers

Personnel (Manpower) Requirements

Requirement of Staff & Labor (Skilled and Unskilled) Managerial, Technical, Office Staff and Marketing Personnel

Plant and Machinery

List of Plant & Machinery
Miscellaneous Items
Appliances & Equipments
Laboratory Equipments & Accessories
Electrification
Electric Load & Water
Maintenance Cost
Sources of Plant & Machinery (Suppliers and Manufacturers)

Manufacturing Process and Formulations

Detailed Process of Manufacture with Formulation
Packaging Required
Process Flow Sheet Diagram

Infrastructure and Utilities

Project Location
Requirement of Land Area
Rates of the Land
Built Up Area
Construction Schedule
Plant Layout and Requirement of Utilities

Project at a Glance

Assumptions for Profitability workings	Plant Economics
Production Schedule
Land & Building Factory Land & Building Site Development Expenses
Plant & Machinery Indigenous Machineries Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)
Other Fixed Assets Furniture & Fixtures Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses Technical Knowhow Provision of Contingencies
Working Capital Requirement Per Month Raw Material Packing Material Lab & ETP Chemical Cost Consumable Store
Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.) Royalty and Other Charges Selling and Distribution Expenses
Salary and Wages	Turnover Per Annum
Share Capital Equity Capital Preference Share Capital
Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals Revenue/Income/Realisation Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items Gross Profit Financial Charges Total Cost of Sales Net Profit After Taxes Net Cash Accruals
Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements Current Assets Gross Working. Capital Current Liabilities Net Working Capital Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets ROI (Average of Fixed Assets) RONW (Average of Share Capital) ROI (Average of Total Assets)
Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios D.S.C.R Earnings Per Share (EPS) Debt Equity Ratio
Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis Variable Cost & Expenses Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp. Profit Volume Ratio (PVR) Fixed Expenses / Cost B.E.P
Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume Resultant N.P.B.T Resultant D.S.C.R Resultant PV Ratio Resultant DER Resultant ROI Resultant BEP
Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status Equity Capital Preference Share Capital
Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation	Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit	Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,	Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit	Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses	Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges	Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses	Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses	Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)	Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)	Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits	Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR

Petroleum & Petroleum Products Technology Handbook (Thermal Cracking of Pure Saturated Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Asphalts, Refinery Products, Blending and Compounding, Oil Refining and Residual Fuel Oils) ( New Arrival ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

RELATED PRODUCTS

ABOUT NPCS

And before diversifying/venturing into any product, wish to study the following aspects of the identified product:

Reasons for buying the report:

The report contains all the data which will help an entrepreneur find answers to questions like:

Our Approach:

Introduction

Market Study and Assessment

Raw Material

Personnel (Manpower) Requirements

Plant and Machinery

Manufacturing Process and Formulations

Infrastructure and Utilities

Project at a Glance

Assumptions for Profitability workings

Plant Economics

Production Schedule

Land & Building

Plant & Machinery

Other Fixed Assets

Working Capital Requirement Per Month

Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum

Salary and Wages

Turnover Per Annum

Share Capital

Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance

Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals

Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements

Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds

Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets

Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios

Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis

Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume

Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status

Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks

Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation

Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost

Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit

Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,

Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost

Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit

Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses

Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses

Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses

Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges

Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.

Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses

Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses

Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses

Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)

Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)

Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)

Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)

Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans

Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits

Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR

Petroleum & Petroleum Products Technology Handbook (Thermal Cracking of Pure Saturated Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Asphalts, Refinery Products, Blending and Compounding, Oil Refining and Residual Fuel Oils) ( New Arrival )