INTRODUCTION
Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Industry in India
is one of the fastest developing sectors in the Indian economy.
At present the FMCG Industry is worth US$ 13.1 billion and
it is the 4th largest in the Indian Economy. This is due to
the increase in per capita income among individuals and
also various developments in rural economy. The FMCG sector
has changed its strategies and has opted for a more wellplanned
marketing of the products to penetrate both the rural
and urban markets. These products have very fast turnaround
rate, i.e. the time from production to the revenue
from the sell of the product is very less. In the present
economic scenario, time is regarded as money, so the FMCG
companies have to be very fast in manufacturing and
supplying these goods.
The FMCG sector has attracted a large number of
consumers in both the urban and rural sectors in India the
past few decades through better penetration and low-priced
products. Various manufacturers of FMCG products are
concentrating on increasing the sales volume due to the
rising demand of the consumers. Creativity and innovation
are the major attributes required for success in the sector.
Large-scale FMCG companies have won the hearts of
consumers by delivering high-end and innovative products
at affordable range.
Different Components of the FMCG Market
Household care
Household care products include bath soaps and
detergents. The market size for soaps is estimated at Rs. 83
billion, comprising the premium, economy and popular. The
penetration level of soaps is 92 per cent. They are available
in 5 million retail stores, of which 75 per cent are in the rural
areas. Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is the leader with
a market share of 53 per cent; Godrej occupies second
position with a market share of 10 per cent. With increase
in disposable incomes, rural demand is expected to increase
because consumers are moving up towards premium
products.
Detergents
The size of the detergent market is estimated at Rs. 120
billion. Small unorganised players account for a major share
of the detergent market. In washing powders, HUL is the
leading company with 38per cent of the market share. Other
major players are Nirma, Henkel, and Proctor & Gamble.
BANANA WAFERS
Banana Wafers are a popular snack eaten world over.
It is high in saturated fat content. They are a tropical snack.
These are hot, salty, crunchy fried plantain wafers. It is
served as part of a traditional meal in South India. It is very
popular in many countries in the tropical belt. It is an
alternative to potato and corn wafer. Banana (Musa sp.) is
the second most important fruit crop in India next to mango.
Its year round availability, affordability, varietal range, taste,
nutritive and medicinal value makes it the favorite fruit
among all classes of people.
Banana is one of the richest iron source green vegetable.
It can be preserved for 3 months or more by reducing
moisture in it. This may be done by drying procedure or
frying procedure. This is preserving art of green vegetable
for long time.
Bananas can also be dried whole or in long strips until
they are leathery and chewy. They have higher sugar
content and are not crispy like the dried wafers. They are
sometimes referred to as banana figs.
Bananas can also be dried whole or in long strips until
they are leathery and chewy. They have higher sugar
content and are not crispy like the dried wafers. They are
sometimes referred to as banana figs.
There are two different methods for making banana
wafers. One of these is to deep fry thin slices of banana in
hot oil, in the same way as potato wafers or crisps. The other
is to dry slices of banana, either in the sun or using a solar
or artificial dryer.
Composition of Fried Banana :
MOISTURE 9.3%
SUGAR 7.2%
STARCH 68.8%
PROTEIN 5.0%
ETHER EXTRACT 0.4%
CRUDE FIBRE 1.5%
PECTIN 2.5%
ACIDITY 2.2%
ASH 3.1%
TOTAL 100.00
CANDY
Confectionery products are universally popular among
the young and the older generations alike. With increased
access to better machinery, openness among customers to
newer tastes and flavors and affordability of required raw
materials, the confectionery industry is thriving like never
before. Candy or Sweet is the most popular type of confectionery
over the world, and there is certainly something
about this unique product that holds many mysterious
qualities. Generally candies are available in fruit based
flavors or Milk based flavor and sometimes with centre
filling also. While we often think about candy as a food for
children, we all know that adults love this delicious food
as well.
There are different types of candies that are produced
today in the world. the range of candies available in today’s
market include such treats as soft and tender golden
caramels, elegant truffles and fudges, chewy licorice,
sumptuous chocolates, mouthwatering toffee and hard
candy, as well as nougats, rolls, jelly beans and gum drops.
A natural milk candy, composed mainly of milk powder,
and rich calcium and other nutrients. The milk candy
represents a great in-between meal dietary snack. It can be
flavored with chocolate, coffee and other natural flavors.
Uses of Candy
• Candy is usually liked by all age groups of people as a
confectionery
• Candies are used after meal, dinners as smooth
refresher. It drives away bad smell from mouth and
refreshes the breath. Some times it causes good
sensation while chewing.
Properties of High-Boiled Candy
Sugar has the property of forming a type of
noncrystalline “glass” that forms the basis of hard candy
products. Sugar and water are boiled until the
concentration of the solution reaches a high level, and
supersaturation persists upon cooling.
RICE FLAKES (POHA)
Poha industry comprises an important segment of
Industrial activity in food processing industry in the
country. It provides nutritious breakfast and food to a large
number of households in cities, towns and even villages of
India. Bread, poha and biscuits consumption is increasing
every day and these are being increasingly used for various
feeding programmes for children managed by voluntary
agencies and state Departments of Health, Education and
Tribe Welfare.
Poha industry has also an important role in popularizing
wheat in traditionally nonwheat consuming regions of
the country. Poha consumed by people of all ages and all
times. With tea and coffee, Poha make tasty and nutritious
snack. There is a definite need for the poha industry to make
in roads in the rural areas.
Manufacturing of poha products have substantial scope
for development in smaller towns, village and backward
areas and can provide a good number of employment
opportunities at different levels.
Uses & Applications
It is a vegetable food, all the men and women eating
the poha in the breakfast. Children like it. It has light in
weight so it cannot be harmful in any stage. The urgency
for the development of nutritionally balanced protein foods,
which would be within the reach of a substantial portion
of the population in a country like India, can hardly be overemphasized.
MILK POWDER
Dairy products are the major source of calcium as well
as other important nutrients, in human diet and are highly
perishable. Converting milk into milk powder increases its
shelf life and enables it to be stored for extended period
(about 1 year) without substantial loss of quality, even at
ambient temperatures. The dairy-based powders are not
only used for recombination or reconstitution, but they can
be exploited for their intrinsic functional properties for
application as a food ingredient in several “value-added
foods” such as confectionery, bakery, and meat products.
Milk also provides other essential nutrients such as
riboflavin, phosphorus, protein, potassium, vitamin A,
vitamin B 12 and niacin. The calcium from dairy products
is readily bio-available. Milk Powder is the milk that has
been dried or desiccated. This is usually done by heating the
milk. The final product contains less than three percent
water. Milk powder can be prepared from whole milk. Milk
from which fat has been partially removed, or from skim
milk.
Powdered milk or dried milk is a manufactured dairy
product made by dehydrating liquid milk through several
drying processes until it is a powder. One purpose of drying
milk is to preserve it; milk powder has a far longer shelf life
than liquid milk and does not need to be refrigerated.
Property of Milk Powder
The most of important practical property of milk which
can be reconstituted into solution or colloidal suspension in
water, Spray powder usually gives figures of about 99
percent, while roller powders give figures of about 90
percent. It should be noted, however, that the solubility of
a powder may be increase considerably neutralization of
the milk, since the excess sodium irons bring more protein
and phosphate into solution.
GHEE
The word ghee is evolved from Sanskrit word ghrita.
Ghee, the most famous traditional dairy product in India
and many countries in Middle East. It is made from milk,
cream, or butter of several animal species. Ghee is a common
Indian name for clarified butter fat that originated in India
and is commonly used in South Asian (Indian, Bangladeshi,
Nepali, Sri Lankan, and Pakistani) cuisine. Ghee is also
lactose-free and contains no salt. Ghee or pure butterfat,
looks like liquid gold and is the most soothing and delicious
ingredient imaginable. Milk from different animal species
affected on ghee quality. It is made from cow’s or buffalo
milk.
Ghee has rich, sweet and deliciously nutty flavour. A
little amount of ghee adds a lot of flavor to the food. Golden
colored ghee is prepared by melting and simmering
unsalted butter until all the water evaporates and the milk
solids settle at the bottom. The remaining butter oil is very
stable giving it a high smoke point which makes it an
excellent choice for cooking. It can be stored without
refrigeration for several months. Ghee is a dairy product and
as such it is gluten free. Ghee is said to be made of saturated
fatty acids but of short chain fatty acids. This makes them
easy to digest. It has a long shelf life if it is stored in a cool
place, using airtight, lightproof and moisture-proof
containers to slow down the development of rancidity.
Nutritional benefits of Ghee
• Ghee is said to be made of saturated fatty acids
but of short chain fatty acids. This makes them easy
to digest unlike the saturated fats found in animal
meats which are difficult to digest.
• It contains fat soluble vitamins such as A, D, E and
hence can benefit vegetarian.
• Ghee is said to be great for the lactose intolerant as the
lactose sugar is broken down on clarification. Hence
they can benefit the vitamins.
• Due to its fat contents, it also absorbs the vitamins from
the food it is added to, hence making the vitamins available to the body.
JAM & JELLY
Jams and jellies are made from a variety of fruits, either
singly or in combination. Most of the fruits are harvested in
the fall. The level of ripeness varies. Pears, peaches, apricots,
strawberries, and raspberries gel best if picked slightly
underripe. Plums and cherries are best if picked when just
ripe. Most jam and jelly producers develop close relationships
with their growers in order to ensure quality.
Jam is a product containing both soluble and insoluble
fruit constituents Jam and jelly are made from fruits and
they are being made since long in different forms. Jam &
jelly are made from fruits, fruit pulps or extracts. Jam is
boiled fruit pulp with sugar and preservatives and is thick.
Jelly is also made by boiling but is clear, sparkling and
transparent. These products are applied to some snacks or
bread. They are also used in making certain desserts. Jam
& jelly are used in homes as well as restaurants and other
eateries. They enjoy substantial shelf life and thus can be
made available round the year. These products can be
produced in many states of the country.
Jellies are made by cooking fruit juice with sugar. Jelly
is made from fruit juice and the end product is clear and
firm enough to hold its shape when removed from the
container. When cut, jelly should be tender yet retain the
angle of the cut. Jelly should taste fresh and fruity.
Essential Ingredients
Pectin is a natural plant substance that causes fruit to
gel. Fruits such as apples, crabapples, currants, grapes and
some plums contain enough natural pectin to form a gel;
others require added pectin. Follow the manufacturer’s
directions or tested recipes for each type of pectin.
Acid is needed for gel formation and flavor. The
amount of acid in fruits also varies with the fruit and degree
of ripeness. When using low-acid fruits in recipes without
commercial pectin, add 1 tablespoon lemon juice or 1/8
teaspoon citric acid for each cup of fruit.
SWEET SCENTED SUPARI
Supari is the dehydrated betel nut sliced for direct
consumption. It is used as mouth fresher after food. It is a
typical Indian product popular with both young and old.
Sweet scented supari is used to remove bad odour of mouth
& for refresh feeling. Betel nuts are abundantly found in the
North Eastern Region and are extensively used. Conversion
of betel nut to supari confers substantial value addition to
the extent of 80% of the cost. Scented Supari is available in
many forms, but the various constituents or the main
ingredients remain nearly the same. Scented Supari may be
mixed in tobacco, Pan Masala etc. Due to its flavouring taste
children used it very enthusiastically.
Betel nuts are consumed in large quantities across the
country. The betel (Piper betel) is the leaf of a vine belonging
to the Piperaceae family, which includes pepper and kava.
It is valued both as a mild stimulant and for its medicinal
properties. It is a typical Indian habit and they are eaten by
many purely as an addiction whereas some
Uses and Applications
1. It is used to refresh the mouth.
2. It freshens up mouth and breathes with its flavour.
3. It is chewed by all age group people.
4. It is served to guests after lunch and dinner to keep
mouth fresh.
5. It helps in digestion of food after meals
6. It is served in marriages, parties or any other special
occasions.
INCENSE STICKS
Agarbatties” also known as “incense sticks” are made
from aromatic plants and essential oils extracted from plants
sources. When lightened, they release fragrant smoke, which
is used in religious activities, prayers, therapeutic and aesthetic
purposes. These have been used since times immemorial as
an integral part of Hindu deity worship in India. Agarbatti
production is a labour-intensive activity, offering high
employment opportunities for rural communities. Growth
in production is directly proportional to the number of people
involved in production.
Incense stick or agarbatti has been with mankind since
the beginning of time. It is a part of Indian heritage. In almost
all the religions of the world, there is a special place and
importance for agarbatti. These natural materials besides
purifying the air before important religious rituals also had
disinfectant and fungicidal properties. It symbolizes purity,
holiness and divinity. It creates a divine atmosphere. Its
distinctive fragrance, when gushes in the air, entices,
relaxes, soothes, refreshes and just creates this scintillating
magic. The sweet fragrance of scent keeps one fresh & cool
throughout. The agarbatti is used by almost every family in
India on a daily basis. Agarbatti or incense sticks are used
at all homes, shops and religious places.
Uses and Application
• Agarbatti is used by almost all homes in the country
and by all communities, not only in the Hindu
community, it is also largely consumed by Mohamdun
Community.
• It has been the tradition of people to burn agarbatti
while opening of shop, office and other commercial
establishments. Apart from this agarbatties are highly
consumed on the festivals and religious places.
TISSUE PAPER
Tissue paper products are made from light weight, dry
creped and some non-creped paper. Typical products are
tissue paper, kitchen towels, handkerchiefs, facials, napkins,
hand towels, and wipes. Some tissue paper products, in
particular kitchen towels and napkins, are sometimes put
in contact with food by end users. These products exhibit
the typical characteristics of tissue paper, such as softness,
high absorption capacity and limited structural strength.
These products can be made of one or several plies, each
ply of one or several layers, prepared as sheets or rolls, folded
or unfolded, embossed or unembossed, with or without
lamination, printed or unprinted and possibly finished by
post treatment, e.g. lotion application.
Tissue can be made both from virgin and recycled paper
pulp. Tissue and Airmail papers are required for very
specific purposes. Tissue paper kitchen towels and napkins
(hereafter, kitchen towels and napkins) are multifunctional
products. Their main use is for hygiene and cleaning
purposes, and they are not specifically intended for contact
with foodstuffs. Food contact use remains limited and
occasional.
Uses and Applications
Tissue paper is used in a wide variety of arts and crafts.
It is used in college, mosaics, stamping, gift-wrapping,
papier-mâché, ornaments, garlands, paper flowers, paper
sculpture. Some tissue paper is guaranteed not to bleed, and
some is designed to bleed so that water can be applied and
the color used to create artistic effects.
Tissue paper is often used for direct inside part
wrapping as in the jewellery, liquor, fruit and florist trades,
various other tissue papers are used for specific purposes.
Napkins are manufactured from Tissues. Paper Napkin
age becoming popular with catering Industry due to its
manifold uses. These are absorbent, hygienic light and can
be had with attractive printing. The following brief utility
of paper napkins obtained from Tissue paper may be
enumerated.
Properties and Characteristics
• Tissue paper products have a number of important
properties, Kitchen towelling, for example, has a wet
strength agent added, and there is much less focus on
softness, but more on strength and absorbency. In toilet
tissue, surface feel and softness are more important
quality attributes, and if wet strength additives are
used, then these are only at low levels.
• The purpose of most tissue products is to be wetted. A
sufficient wet strength is therefore required to prevent
the paper from falling apart when it is moist or soaked.
TOOTH BRUSH
Tooth brush occupies a prominent and very important
place among the dentrifice available today.Tooth brushing
has become a universally accepted first line of defense
against illness. Due to the increasing awareness and
importance of dental hygiene in the upkeeping of human
health, the use of tooth paste was confined to the upper and
upper middle classes of urban society, but with increasing
awareness the use of tooth brush has become well
established in even rural house hold. Tooth brush being
consumer product and its market being quite competitive
and also acceptable. For keeping good health, care of teeth
is one of the essential step.Toothbrushes should be replaced
when bristles show signs of wear. Brushing is more effective
with multi-tufted, small-headed toothbrushes with soft to
medium nylon filaments and a comfortable handle.
A toothbrush is a dental instrument used for cleaning
teeth, ideally in conjunction with toothpaste or mouthwash.
The toothbrush consists of a plastic handle and nylon bristles
attached to the head of the brush. Contemporary designs
offer a variety of styles and shapes in a market.There are
variety of tooth brushes available in market, depending
upon the size and quality and material used. There is a wide
demand created in the country for this item. Good quality
items in this category can be manufactured with latest
technical know-how available.
Uses & Applications
Tooth brushes are widely used and vastly known to a
common man, because every morning and perhaps after
every dinner his/her hands reaches for it as a general. It
has now become the common man need for brushing the
mouth so that he/her may feels fresheness and keep him/
her self away from foul smell and dental diseases.
TOOTHPICKS
Tooth picks are very convenient for tooth picking. The
consumerism in India is increasing and the eating out habits
of the people is increasing day by day with the launching
of chin shops modern restaurants etc in India. The tooth
picks are largely consumed in all the restaurants.
A toothpick is a small stick of wood, plastic, bamboo,
metal, bone or other substance used to remove detritus from
the teeth, usually after a meal. A toothpick usually has one
or two sharp ends to insert between teeth. They can also be
used for picking up small appetizers (like cheese cubes or
olives) or as a cocktail stick.
An entrepreneur interested in this line of business will
produce at optimal capacity, and in no distant time, realise
the initial invested funds. Moreover, survey carried out
indicated that the market for toothpicks exists, is expanding,
as well as sustainable. Daily, people use toothpicks in
hotels, restaurants, homes, public gatherings, and other
institutions.
Uses of Toothpick
Wooden toothpicks for tooth are used for cleaning of
teeth. Daily, people use toothpicks in hotels, restaurants,
homes, public gatherings, and other institutions.
They are also used for creating sculpture to decorate
interior of houses.
They can also be used for picking up small appetizers
(like cheese cubes or olives) or as a cocktail stick.
HENNA BASED HAIR DYE
Hair dye is one of the oldest known beauty preparations,
and was used by ancient cultures in many parts of the world.
Lots of people occasionally have the urge to change or enhance
their hair color, but are unwilling to use the harsh and, in
some cases, potentially harmful hair dying chemicals found
in most commercial dyes and color rinses. A need was felt
to formulate a dye containing only plant products which is
safe for use and does not have the problems of staining skin
during use and hypersensitive reactions. A dye can generally
be described as a colored substance that has an affinity to
the fiber, fur or hair.
Henna’s leaves have a red-orange dye molecule,
Lawson, visible in young leaves in the center vein of the leaf.
Henna leaves are abundantly used for making different
types of colours. Henna leaves have very high commercial
value. Henna leaves may be used fresh, though they are
more often harvested, dried, and powdered. It has natural
properties to produce colours and that characteristic is used
in the cosmetic industries. Henna leaves have property to
react with different chemicals and form different variety of
colours. Henna powder is a fully herbal product. Henna
leaves produce variety of alka oxide, which forms color by
aerial oxidation
Henna is a natural dye extracted from the dried and
powdered leaves, petioles and young shoots of the
mignonette tree, or henna shrub (Lawsoniainermis). The
natural dye is traditionally found in India, Pakistan, Middle
East, and Northern Africa. When ground the dried leaves
become a greenish powder, but the dye is reddish to dark
brown. Strong tea or coffee, lemon juice (or other acidic
liquid) and essential oils (such as tea tree, eucalyptus, clove
and lavender) can be used to release the dye from the
powder.
The dye can be mixed with water to make a paste with
mud-like consistency that will adhere well to the hair. The
paste should be allowed to oxidize for a couple of hours
before use. After the paste has been applied to the hair, it
should stay on the hair as long as possible (usually for about
1-3 hours).
Properties of Hair Dyes
1. It should be non-toxic to the Hair and skin.
2. It should not be irritant to the skin.
HERBAL CREAMS
Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance
or odor of the human body. Cosmetics include skin-care
creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail and
toe nail polish, eye and facial makeup, permanent waves,
colored contact lenses, hair colors, hair sprays and gels,
deodorants, baby products, bath oils, bubble baths, bath salts,
butters and many other types of products. Creams are as
popular with males as with females. Herbal cosmetics have
growing demand in the world market and are an invaluable
gift of nature. There are a wide range of herbal cosmetic
products to satisfy beauty regime. Herbal cosmetics are in
high demand due to the increasing interest of mankind
towards them because they are more effective with nil or
less side effects, easily available ingredients etc.
Cleaning cream, face cream and moisturizer and other
lotions are used to clean the skin or face and throat. Before
and after washing face and skin with water we use it to cure
the skin. Generally it is very effective the oily skin. Oily skin
causes the skin rough and creates pimples on the face. It also
gives moisturisation to the skin and also it is antiseptic.
Properties of Herbal Cream
• The appearance of the cream is judged by its color,
pearl essence and roughness and graded.
• After the application of the cream, the type of film or
smear formed on the skin is checked.
HERBAL HAIR OIL
Herbal hair oil not only moisturizes scalp but also
reverses dry scalp and dry hair condition. It provides
numerous essential nutrients required to maintain normal
functions of sebaceous gland and promote natural hair
growth. Herbal hair oil is more preferred and is used in many
ailments of hair. They promote hair growth, improve
elegance of hair and prevent hair fall. Hair oil not only
promotes hair growth they also provide necessary moisture
to the scalp rendering in beautiful hair.
Hair oils are the hair care preparations used for the
prevention and treatment of baldness or other ailments,
aggression of hair. They also promote the luxurious growth
of hairs. Hair oil containing herbal drugs are used as hair
tonic. Hair care products are categorized into two main
category, hair tonics and hair grooming aids.
These are basically the extracts of medicinal plants in
an oil base. A few of these herbs are amla, henna, neem,
methi, lemon, tulsi, brahmi, shikakai, reetha, liquorice root,
musk root, mahabhringraj, jatamasi, chitraka, marigold,
hibiscus, nutmeg, parsley, rosemary, thyme.
HERBAL SHAMPOO
Herbal cosmetics have growing demand in the world
market and are an invaluable gift of nature. There are a wide
range of herbal cosmetic products to satisfy beauty regime.
Adding herbs in cosmetics is very safe for our skin. Herbal
cosmetics are in high demand due to the increasing interest
of mankind towards them because they are more effective
with nil or less side effects, easily available ingredients etc.
Shampoos are probably the most widely used cosmetic
products for cleansing hairs and scalp in our daily life. A
shampoo is basically a solution of a detergent containing
suitable additives for other benefits such as hair-conditioning
enhancement, lubrication, medication etc. Now-a-days
many synthetic, herbal, medicated and nonmedicated
shampoos are available in the market but popularity of
herbal shampoo among consumers is on rise because of their
belief that these products being of natural origin are safe and
free from side effects. Synthetic surfactants are added to
shampoo primarily for the foaming and cleansing action but
their regular use leads to dryness of hairs, hair loss, irritation
to scalp and eyes.
A good shampoo used to remove surface grease, dirt
and skin diseases from the hair and scalp without affecting
hair adversely. A good shampoo should cleanse hair and
scalp through without stoning or irritation and should not
remove too much of natural oil from the scalp. The success
of shampoo is replacing a cake of soap lies in the fact that
the shampoo is not only a detergent but a cosmetic as well
as that it must import luster beauty and manageability.
Properties
• Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate is a brown transparent
viscous liquid and is the most widely accepted
cleaning agent used in shampoos. Sodium lauryl
sulphate is a powder highly soluble in water and is a
good emulsifier, it may also be obtained as a paste.
Mono ethanolamine lauryl sulphate is similar to
triethanolamine lauryl sulphate and its viscosity can
be increased by adding sodium chloride.
INCENSE STICKS
Agarbatties” also known as “incense sticks” are made
from aromatic plants and essential oils extracted from plants
sources. When lightened, they release fragrant smoke, which
is used in religious activities, prayers, therapeutic and aesthetic
purposes. These have been used since times immemorial as
an integral part of Hindu deity worship in India. Agarbatti
production is a labour-intensive activity, offering high
employment opportunities for rural communities. Growth
in production is directly proportional to the number of people
involved in production.
Incense stick or agarbatti has been with mankind since
the beginning of time. It is a part of Indian heritage. In almost
all the religions of the world, there is a special place and
importance for agarbatti. These natural materials besides
purifying the air before important religious rituals also had
disinfectant and fungicidal properties. It symbolizes purity,
holiness and divinity. It creates a divine atmosphere. Its
distinctive fragrance, when gushes in the air, entices,
relaxes, soothes, refreshes and just creates this scintillating
magic. The sweet fragrance of scent keeps one fresh & cool
throughout. The agarbatti is used by almost every family in
India on a daily basis.
Uses and Application
• Agarbatti is used by almost all homes in the country
and by all communities, not only in the Hindu
community, it is also largely consumed by Mohamdun
Community.
• It has been the tradition of people to burn agarbatti
while opening of shop, office and other commercial
establishments. Apart from this agarbatties are highly
consumed on the festivals and religious places.
Different Raw Materials for Aggarbatti
Halmaddi
The botanical name is Ailanthus Malabarica. An
Ornamental, deciduous large tree growing naturally in the
Western Ghats of India, Konkan southwards. When a
moderately deep incision is made on the bark of standing
trees, a fragrant resin called “Halmaddi” (Kannada name)
oozes out, which is used in the manufacturer of
Aggarbatties. After collection, it is distilled & then used in
Dhoop & Aggarbatties (Incense). Many popular handrolled
Indian Incense sticks are made from the perfumed
resins of Halmaddi tree.
LIQUID DETERGENT
A liquid detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of
surfactants with “cleaning properties in dilute solutions.”
Liquid detergents are convenience products. Compared with
powdered detergent dissolve more rapidly, particularly in
cold water, they generate less dust, and they dose. It is not
surprising, therefore, those liquid forms of household cleaning
product developed by manufacturers.
In India, liquid detergents are under development
stage, except that is used in large quantities in textile mills
for wet processing for textile goods. In certain parts of the
world, pastes which are purely sodium dodecyl benzene
sulphonate in a fairly concentrative form are used for dish
washing. Previously, powder detergents were widely used
but the trend is now towards liquid detergents.
Uses of Liquid Detergent
1. House hold washing liquid mainly for dish, utensils
etc., washing.
2. Light duty laundering for synthetic and woollen
fabrics.
3. For scouring mineral oiled goods of woollen or worsted
piece fabrics.
