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  • The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (2nd Revised Edition)
  • The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (2nd Revised Edition)
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The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (2nd Revised Edition) ( New Arrival ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Author NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers ISBN 9788194099529
Code ENI213 Format Paperback
Price: Rs 1575   1575 US$ 43   43
Pages: 448 Published 2021
Publisher Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.
Usually Ships within 5 Days
Buy Now Add to cart Add to wishlist

 

Organic farming, composed of organic fertilizers as an integral virtue, continues to remain a lucrative bet for the expanding agricultural industry, in line with growing organic food appeal to consumers as a healthy and ethical choice. Beyond ethics, organic fertilizers are gaining significant traction on account of numerous environmental benefits, such as enhanced soil structure and water conservation. Growing awareness among farmers about the nutritional benefits of plant based and animal based fertilizers and their role in promoting growth of earthworm and other microbiological activities vital for plant growth are fuelling adoption of organic fertilizers. Animal based organic fertilizers are garnering significant traction over plant based variants owing to their good aeration and water retention capabilities that enhance the soil fertility.

 

As consumers today are inclined towards clean labels and seeking transparency in everything they consume, organic has emerged as a promising approach to address these concerns. In light of these beneficial aspects of organic approaches and after gauging the futuristic opportunistic value of organic fertilizers.

 

Increasing health issues such as diabetes, obesity and digestive disorders are also one of the factors driving the growth of the organic food. The increased accessibility of organic food and beverages in retail outlets make it more convenient for consumers to purchase these products. Asia-Pacific is also expected to rapidly increase in CAGR, owing to the changing lifestyles and increase in consumer disposable income. Organic food products and shifting consumer preference towards organic food are among the major factors expected to boost demand for organic food products in India. Growing awareness among the consumers regarding the benefits of organic fertilizers over chemical fertilizers, and increasing awareness among farmers and cultivators towards eco-friendly fertilizers. The escalating demand for organic food products is likely to create a dire need for large scale development of organic fertilizers in the forthcoming years, which in turn will create a wide field of opportunities for stakeholders. Sensing the growing demand for organic fertilizers, market goliaths have shifted their focus on expanding their organic fertilizer produce to capitalize on the growing unmet demand from consumers.

The book cover various aspects related to different organic farming and production of organic compost with their agriculture process and also provides contact details of machinery suppliers with equipment photographs and plant layout.

 

A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today’s organic farming and compost industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of the organic farming and compost industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on the commercial production of organic farming and compost. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.

 

 

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC FARMING

Indian Agriculture before the Green Revolution

The Green Revolution

Impact of Green Revolution on the Environment

Why Organic Farming?

2. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND

ORGANIC FARMING The Background

Characteristics of Sustainable Agriculture

Definition of Sustainable Agriculture

Organic Farming

National Programme for Organic Production (Features)

3. CONCEPTS, DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS

 Concept and Definition

Organic vs Natural Farming

Essential Characteristics of Organic Farming

Key Principles of Organic Agriculture Systems

Mixed Farming

Crop Rotation

Organic Cycle Optimization

Objectives Of Organic and Conventional Farming

Options in Organic Farming

Pure Organic Farming

Integrated Green Revolution Farming

Integrated Farming System

Management of Organic Farming

Advantages of Organic Farming

Barriers to Organic Farming

Components Of Organic Farming

Organic Manures

Non-Chemical Weed Control Measures

Biological Pest Management

4. ORGANIC MANURES, THEIR NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS 

Farmyard Manure

Compost

Sheep and Goat Manure

Poultry Manure

Oil-Cakes

Meal Group of Manures

Sewage, Sludge and Sullage

5. LIVESTOCK AND HUMAN WASTES

6. AVAILABLE ORGANIC MATERIALS AND PLANT

NUTRIENTS

Livestock Wastes

Crop Residues and Aquatic Weeds

Rural and Urban Wastes

Agro-industrial Wastes

Fisheries and Marine Industry

7. ORGANIC FARMING IN RICE

Objectives of Organic Farming

Traditional Practices

Aspects of Modern Agriculture

Important Regulations for Organic Farming

Nutrient Requirement

Ecofriendly Management of Pests and Diseases in Rice

Conservation of Native Natural Enemies to Enhance in

Situ Biological Control in Rice

Components of Eco-Friendly Disease Management

Methods of Application

Conclusion

8. PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOST

Composting

Importance Of Composting

Maximizing the Nutrients Availability from Agricultural Compost

Effect on Soil and Crop

Method of Spreading Compost

Rate of Application

Time of Application

Classification of Composting

Kinetics of Composting

Moisture Content

Ingredients to Avoid

Microbes Involved in Composting

Design Criteria

Type and Amount of Compost

The Climate

Availability of Land

Handling

Practical Method of Making Compost

Considerations in Building a Compost Heap

Managing the Compost Heap

Curing

Practical Applications Composting

Biogas Technology

Composition of Slurry

Slurry for Agriculture

Transfer of Biogas Technology

Growing of Mushrooms

Conventional Types of Compost

Compost Making and Spawning

The Work Schedule

Suggestions

9. EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN PONGAMIA PINNATA

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Summary

10. ORGANIC FERTILIZER: A SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRIENT

SOURCE FOR SUGARCANE

Experiment and Results

Azotobacter

Azospirillum

Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms

Summary

11. EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON SORGHUM

Material and Methods

Results And Discussion

Summary

12. SIGNIFICANCE OF AZOSPIRILLUM AND PSEUDOMONTAS

ON GROWTH OF ELUCINE CROCANA

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Growth Attributes

Yield Attributes

Summary and Conclusion

13. BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF ACACIA NILOTICA

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Summary

14. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BANANA

Material and Methods

Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism

Mycorrhizal Inoculum

Plant Material

Treatment

Results and Discussion

Summary

15. N-FIXING AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING

BACTERIA

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Summary

16. ASYMBIOTIC ORGANIC FERTILIZERS OF

KHARIF SORGHUM

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Summary

17. EFFECT OF AZOSPIRILLUM AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING

CULTURE ON QUALITY OF SUGARCANE

Material and Methods

Treatment Details

Results and Discussion

Summary and Conclusion

18. ORGANIC NUTRIENT

Soil Populations and Processes

Use of Biofertilizers

Enrichment of Compost with Microbial Inoculants

Nitrogen Fixing Microbs

Rhizobium

Leguminous Plants / Rhizobiaceae Symbiosis

Azotobacter Inoculant

Azospirillum Inoculant

Blue-Green Algae Inoculant

Multiplication of BGA

Frankiaceae Symbiosis

Large Scale Inoculum Production

Significance Of BNF

Mycorrhiza

Roots as Sinks and Sources of Nutrients and Carbon in

Agricultural Systems

Importance of Mycorrhiza

Benefits to Plants

Other Roles in Ecosystems

Values of People

Mycorrhizal Interactions with Plants and Soil Organisms in

Sustainable Agroecosystem

Symbiosis

Root System Form

Soil and Site Factors Influencing Mycorrhizas

Characteristics Of Fungal Isolates

Host Plants

How Mycorrhizas Work

Nitrogen Transfer in Mycorrhizal Plants

Nitrogen Nutrition in Mycorrhizal Plants

Phosphorus Fertility

Future Thrusts

19. INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS SOURCES OF

PLANT NUTRIENTS

Significance of Waste Recycling

Chemical Characteristics of Wastes and Utilization

Effect on Crops Yield and Soil Properties

Effect on Crop Yields

Pathogens and Health Hazards

Heavy Metals and Associated Problems

Effect on Soil Properties

Problems in Waste Utilization

Future Research Needs

20. USE OF BIO-INOCULANTS FOR RECYCLING

OF BANANA WASTES

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

21. ROLE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN UPLAND

CROP PRODUCTION

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial Inoculants

Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms

Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (Vam)

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Future Research Needs

Strategy for Successful Use of Biofertilizers

22. VARIETIES FOR ORGANIC FARMING

What is Organic Agriculture ?

Selection of Rice Varieties for Organic Farming

Weed Control

Soil Fertility

Insects and Diseases

Speciality Rices for Organic Farming

Varieties for Special Systems of Cultivation

23. BIOLOGICAL SUPPRESSION OF AQUATIC WEEDS

Biocontrol of Salvinia Molesta Mitchell (Fam. Salviniaceae)

Cyrtobagous Salviniae Calder and Sands (Fam. Curculionidae)

Biocontrol of Eichhornia Crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach (Fam.

Pontederiaceae)

(x)

Neochetina Eichhorniae Warner (Fam. Curculionidae)

Neochetina Bruchi Hustache (Fam. Curculionidae)

Orthogalumna Terebrantis Wallwork (Fam. Galumnidae)

24. WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC RICE

Development of Weed Control Methods

Problems from Chemical Weed Control

Weed Control in Organic Farming

A. Preventive Methods

B. Cultural Methods of Weed Control

C. Mechanical Methods

D. Biological Control of Weeds

Bioherbicides

Some Basic Principles for Weed Management in Organic Farming

25. PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION OF ORGANIC RICE

Quick Cooking Rice

Preparation of Instant Fried Rice

Instant Rice Noodles

Preparation of Dried Starch from Rice Soup

26. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH IN

ORGANIC RICE FARMING

Why Biotechnology ?

Important Benefits that have Emerged from the Transgenic Rice

Research:

Food and Agriculture Organization (Fao) of Un Recommendation

27. CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE RECYCLING IN

ORGANIC RICE PRODUCTION

Major Rice Cropping Systems

Crop Rotation in Organic Production System

A Good Crop Rotation Programme Involves

Legumes in Crop Rotation

Green Manuring

Crop Residues in Organic Rice Production

28. BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION

Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

(xi)

Features Favourable for Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogenase

Basic Requirements for Nitrogen Fixation

Mechanism of Nitrogen Reduction

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Host Specificity

Root Nodulation

Mechanism of Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogenase

Requirements for Nitrogen Reduction

Assimilation of Ammonia

Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation

Nif -genes of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Nif-genes of Azotobacter

Nif-genes of Anabaena

Genetics of Legume - Rhizobium Nitrogen Fixation

1. Rhizobial Genes

2. Legume Nodulin Genes

Overall Regulation of Genes

Gene Transfer for Nitrogen Fixation

1. Transfer of Nif-genes to Non-Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

2. Transfer of Nif-genes to Yeasts

3. Transfer of Nif-genes to Plants

4. Transfer of Nod genes

5. Transfer of Hup genes

29. WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING

Cultural Methods Of Weed Control

Tillage

Tillage Combined With Irrigation

Timing

Seeding Rates and Cultivar Selection

Cropping Systems

Use of Animals

Flooding

Mulching

Fire

Composting

Hoeing and Hand Weeding

Farmer’s Care

(xii)

Straw Disposal

Biological Control of Weeds Using Insects

Weed Suitability to Biological Control

Classical Approach

Characteristics of Weeds and Problems

Weed Survey for Natural Enemies

Introduction of Natural Enemies

Use of Pathogens in Weed Suppression

Mycoherbicides

Parasitic Weeds

Management Strategies for Parasitic Weeds

Ecological Principles

Research Needs

30. PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING

Pest Management Methods

Biological Alternatives

Organically Acceptable Chemical Alternatives

Cultural Alternatives

Biological Control

Botanical Pesticides

Biological Control in Field Crops

Botanics for Storage Pest Control

Seed Treatment with Materials of Plant Origin for Insect Control

Active Principles

Cultural Practices/Ecological Methods

Optimum Site Conditions

Diversity Over Time

Diversity in Space

Habitant Enhancement

Role of Non-Crop Vegetation

Trap Crops

Constructed Traps

Plant Resistance to Pests

Traditional Practices for Pest Control

Other Management Practices

31. BIS SPECIFICATIONS

32. MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENTS

33. PLANT LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW SHEET

 

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Our Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report Contains following information:

Introduction
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  • Properties
  • BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification
  • Uses & Applications
Market Study and Assessment
  • Current Indian Market Scenario
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Raw Material
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Project at a Glance

Assumptions for Profitability workings
Plant Economics
Production Schedule
Land & Building
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Plant & Machinery
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Other Fixed Assets
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Working Capital Requirement Per Month
  • Raw Material
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Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum
  • Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)
  • Royalty and Other Charges
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Salary and Wages
Turnover Per Annum
Share Capital
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Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals
  • Revenue/Income/Realisation
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  • Financial Charges
  • Total Cost of Sales
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Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
  • Current Assets
  • Gross Working. Capital
  • Current Liabilities
  • Net Working Capital
  • Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets
  • ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)
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  • ROI (Average of Total Assets)
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  • D.S.C.R
  • Earnings Per Share (EPS)
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Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis
  • Variable Cost & Expenses
  • Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.
  • Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)
  • Fixed Expenses / Cost
  • B.E.P
Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume
  • Resultant N.P.B.T
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  • Resultant DER
  • Resultant ROI
  • Resultant BEP
Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
  • Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services
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  • Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items
  • Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation
Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit
Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,
Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit
Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses
Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges
Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses
Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses
Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)
Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)
Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits
Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR