Chapter 1
RABBIT KEEPING
BASIC INFORMATION
SLAUGHTERING AND SKINNING
Chapter 2
BREEDS OF ANGORA RABBITS
IMPORTANT BREEDS WITH SALIENT CHARACTERS
EXTERNAL PARTS OF ANGORA RABBIT
SELECTION OF BREEDING STOCK
Chapter 3
NUTRITION AND FEEDING
ANTATOMY OF DIGESTIVE TRACT
PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
TYPES OF FEED AND BALANCED PELLETED RATION
FEEDING SYSTEMS, FEED REQUIREMENTS AND BALANCED RATIONS
Chapter 4
GENETICS AND BREEDING
GENETICS
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT
Chapter 5
WOOL PRODUCTION
HARVESTING OF WOOL
ANGORA WOOL QUALITY AND COMPOSITION
ANGORA WOOL AND INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION
ANGORA WOOL UTILIZATION IN COTTAGE INDUSTRIES 
Chapter 6
BREEDS AND BREEDING OF GOATS
ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION OF GOATS
MODIFIED SCORE CARD FOR MEAT TYPE GOATS
DESIRABLE FEATURES FOR SELECTION OF GOATS
CENTRES OF RESEARCH ON GOATS 
CENTRAL REGION: (RAJASTHAN, M.P., GUJARAT AND NORTH MAHARASHTRA)
QUALITY OF INDIAN BREEDS OF GOAT
USEFUL INFORMATION FOR GOAT BREEDING
NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES OF DIFFERENT ANIMALS
Chapter 7
FEEDS AND FEEDING OF GOATS
DIGESTION IN GOATS
DIGESTION IN GOATS/SHEEP
CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF KIDS
FEEDING SCHEDULE OF KIDS 
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH OF FEEDING DAIRY GOATS
FEEDING OF GOATS: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
USEFUL INFORMATION FOR GOAT BREEDINGMEASURES OF INCREASING POTENTIAL OF RANGE LAND
NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENTS OF GOATS
CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF INDIGENOUS BREEDS OF GOATS:
Chapter 8
HEALTH CARE FOR GOATS
CAUSES OF ILL HEALTH AND MORTALITY
CONTROL OF PARASITES
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
FEEDING SCHEDULE OF KIDS 
Chapter 9
BREEDS AND BREEDING OF SHEEP
BREEDS OF SHEEP
CLASSIFICATION OF EXOTIC BREEDS OF SHEEP
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF SHEEP
EXOTIC BREEDS OF SHEEP
DESIRABLE FEATURES FOR BREEDING RAMS
USEFUL INFORMATION FOR A.I. IN SHEEP
BREEDING SHEEP FOR WOOL, MUTTON AND MILK
SHEEP IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES
Chapter 10
FEEDING OF SHEEP
NUTRIENTS
SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NUTRIENTS IN SHEEP
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
NUTRIENTS IN FEEDS (PERCENT)
RECOMMENDED RATION FOR LAMBS UNDER INTENSIVE CONDITIONS 111
FEEDING LAMBS UPTO TWO WEEKS
DRINKING WATER FOR SHEEP
Chapter 11
HEALTH CARE OF SHEEP
COMMON AILMENTS AND DISEASES
GENERAL CONTROL MEASURE FOR PREVENTION OF CONTAGIOUS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Chapter 12
BREEDS OF POULTRY
PHYLOGENY OF POULTRY SPECIES
BREEDS OF CHICKEN
RHODE ISLAND
VARIETIES OF TURKEY
BREEDS OF DUCKS
Chapter 13
POULTRY BREEDING
GENETICS IN BRIEF
INHERITANCE OF PLUMAGE IN TURKEYS
INHERITANCE OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS
SELECTION PRESSURE
SYSTEMS OF BREEDING IN POULTRY
SEXUAL MATURITY
BREEDING PLANS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF TURKEYS
Chapter 14
POULTRY BROODING
LOCATION OF BROODER HOUSE
BROODER HOUSE SCHEDULE UPTO 4 WEEKS OF AGE
Chapter 15
COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMING
Chapter 16
INCUBATION AND HATCHERY
EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
Chapter 17
HATCHING OF EGGS
TESTING OF INCUBATED EGGS
HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
Chapter 18
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF POULTRY
THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS
Chapter 19
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF POULTRY
NUTRITION OF BROILER TYPE CHICKENS
Chapter 20
SALT AND TRACE MINERALS FOR POULTRY
TRACE MINERAL FOR POULTRY
Chapter 21
BREEDER FEEDS
Chapter 22
LAYER FEEDS
TPHASE FEEDING OF LAYING HENS
Chapter 23
BROILER FEEDS
Chapter 24
INCUBATION AND HATCHERY
POULTRY REPRODUCTION
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
EMBRYONIC NUTRITION
EMBRYONIC COMMUNICATION
EMBRYONNIC MORTALITY
HATCHERY SERVICES
Chapter 25
POULTRY FEEDING
METHODS OF FEEDING POULTRY
HOW TO ECONOMISE ON POULTRY FEED COSTT
Chapter 26
P0ULTRY NUTRITION
CARBOHYDRATES
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS
Chapter 27
DISEASES AND PARASITES OF POULTRY
DISEASE PREVENTION
IMMUNOLOGY OF DISEASE CONTROL
POULTRY DISEASE CONTROL STRATEGYN
PROTOZOAN DISEASES
BACTERIAL DISEASES
VIRAL DISEASES
INTERNAL PARASITES
Chapter 28
CONSTRUCTION OF FISH FARMS
STRUCTURES OF FISH PONDS
Chapter 29
INDUCED BREEDING AND SEEDFISH PRODUCTION IN CARPS
INDUCED BREEDING IN INDIAN MAJOR CARPS
INJECTION OF PITUTARY EXTRACT IN INDIAN MAJOR CARPS 314
Chapter 30
CULTURE OF GIANT FRESH-WATER
PRAWAN, MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII
Chapter 31
NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL BREEDING IN FISH
PHYSIOLOGY OF BREEDING
ATRESIA & CORPORA LUTEA
NEW GENERATION DRUGS
PHEROMONES & BREEDING
Chapter 32
PRINCIPLES OF FISH CULTURE
FOOD WEB IN POND ECOSYSTEM
Chapter 33
SYSTEMS OF FRESHWATER FISH CULTURE
CARP CULTURE
FISH CULTURE IN INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
Chapter 34
FRESH FISH HANDLING, ICING AND FREEZING
FISH PROCESSING IN INDIA
Chapter 35
CULTURABLE FISH AND SHELLFISH
CULTRURABLE SHELLFISH
Chapter 36
MASS PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FISHES
FRESHWATER FISHES
Chapter 37
INDIAN ORNAMENTAL ICHYTYO FAUNA
FRESH WATER AND BRACKISHWATER FISHES
Chapter 38
HARVESTING OF PRAWNS BY AQUACULTRE
Chapter 39
SHRIMPS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 40
FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATES
FISH-ENRICHED FARINACEOUS PRODUCTS
Chapter 41
SITE SELECTION FOR SHRIMP FARMING
A MANUAL ON SHRIMP FARMING
CONSTRUCTION IN AREAS OF ACID SULPHATE SOILS
Chapter 42
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT AND ARTIFICIAL SHRIMP FEED PREPARATION
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF SHRIMPS
FEED INGREDIENTS
EQUIPMENTS USED IN ARTIFICIAL FEED PREPARATION
FARM MADE FEES
Chapter 43
SHRIMP FEED MANAGEMENT
TYPES OF SHRIMP FEED:
FEED USED IN DIFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS
FEEDING HABITS
FEED PURCHASE AND STORAGE
Chapter 44
SHRIMP DISEASES
INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
BACTERIA
FUNGI
NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Chapter 45
PACKAGING OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS
Chapter 46
BREEDS AND BREEDING OF PIGS
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN WILD BOAR:
SELECTION
BREEDING SYSTEMS
STARTING A PIG FARM
GUIDELINES FOR NORMAL REPRODUCTION OF PIGS
Chapter 47
FEEDS AND FEEDING OF PIGS
DIGESTION OF FOOD IN PIGS
UTILIZATION OF FOODSTUFFS
SUGGESTED REPLACEMENTS FOR FEEDS
TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS FO PIGS
Chapter 48
PORK AND PORK PRODUCTS
SELECTION OF HOGS FOR SLAUGHTER
TOOL REQUIRED FOR SLAUGHTER
SAUSAGE

BREEDS AND BREEDING OF PIGS

Pig has 38 somatic chromosomes. There are about 60 breeds of domestic pigs in the word.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN WILD BOAR (Sus Scrofa Cristatus)

Colour-rusty grey (in young), dark chestnut brown (in adults) snout-long ribs-short, ears-longs, distinct sparse coat and full crest or name of black bristles running from nape down to the back. Male have both upper and lower tusks curving outwards from mouth. They live in groups of 10-20.

Pigmy Hog (sus salvanlus)

They live in the dense forest along the base of Himalyan in Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Colour is brown/black, ears-small, slightly long hair on hind part of neck and middle of back: have no distinct crest. Adult animal measures about one foot (12 inches) and weigh approximately 7.5 kg. They also live in-group 18.

INDIGENOUS DOMESTICATED PIG

Have no distinct breed features. Therefore, characteristic very with topography and climatic conditions from region to region. This is black brown, grey, rusty-grey or blending/admixture of two or more of these colours. These are raised traditionally by weaker section of the community.

EXOTIC/IMPROVED BREEDS OF PIGS

1. REGION-WISE CLASSIFICATION OF PIGS

2. CLASSIFICATION OF SWINE BREEDS BASED ON UTILITY

3. EXOTIC BREEDS EXPERIENCED IN INDIA

1. Large white yorkshire
2. Middle white yorkshire
3. Saddle back
4. Tamworth
5. Berkshire

ACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF BREED

1. Availability of good breeding stock
2. Prolificacy
3. Growth ability
4. Temperament
5. Carcass quality
6. Efficient feed conversion
7. Nicking ability
8. Market demand
9. Disease resistance

FACTORS FOR SELECTION OF BREEDING STOCK

1. Size of litter (minimum eight piglets)
2. Strength and vigour of litters
3. Milking ability
4. Temperature
5. Gain and feed efficiency of progeny
6. Longevity
7. Fertility
8. Free from defects
9. Weaning weight of litter in gilts = 120 kg; in sow = 150 kg.

Note:

1. Selection of individual animals is more important than breed.
2. There are more differences within a breed than between breeds.

Characteristics of important breeder of Pigs Experinced in India

ECONOMIC TRAITS OF SWINE

SELECTION

It includeds choosing the parents of next generation. Selection responses to a particular trait depends upon the selection differential and heritabiltiy of traits. The selction differential in standard deviation units is called intensity of selection.

1. PARAMETERES FOR APPRAISING GROWTH POTENTIAL

1. Average daily gain during specific post weaning period.
2. An Index combining-average daily gain, post weaning and weaning weight.
3. Measurement of weight for age.

METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT

This depends upon the following:

1. Heritability of the characters.
2. Whether traits is sex-linked /limited.
3. Weather trait is measurable.

More direct the selection is, cheaper it will be, Emphasis must be given to relative cost efficiency of improvement by performance testing, progeny testing and nucleus hard testing.

Of these nucleus method is considerably cheaper and gives flexibility for introducing new genetic material and hence this is likely to be basis of all improvement schemes.

BREEDING SYSTEMS

1. INBREEDING

It involves mating of related animals for following purposes

1. To increase homozygosity in progeny
2. To develop inbred lines
3. To Keep animals pure bred.

This system is not adopted commercially for the following adverse effects:

1. Decreases mean litter size with increase in age of pigs.
2. Causes slight decrease in post weaning weight.
3. Causes decline in milking and mothering ability of sows.
4. Delays sexual maturity in pigs.
5. Decreases sex libid in boars.
6. Reduce fecundity and prolificacy, in general.

2. OUT BREEDING

It consists of mating of unrelated animals and systems of it are being extensively used for achievement of good results with regard to performance of pigs.

1. Out crossing

This is the common method of breeding and multiplying purebred swine which involves mating of unrelated animals of the same breed. Compared to inbreeding this system is better for crossing inbreds for following advantages.

1. Keeps animals pure bred.
2. Slight gain in litter size
3. Helps to regain the vigour in animals.
4. Some increase in livability and growth rate.

Limitations

1. Poor performance of inbreds.
2. Higher cost involved in development of inbred lines.

2. Grading-up

The non-descript indigenious pigs froms the bulk of the pig population in the country. It involves use of improved breed with indigenious hogs. It will be advantage to grade up bulk of indigenous hogs by successive use of boars of large white Yorkshire or landrace breed. These two breeds were used in All India Corordinated Research project in the country. Following are the merit of this sysetm.

1. Causes improvement in productive traits of vast population of nondescripts pigs in India.
2. Suited to areas where high quality pure brews cannot be maintained due to poor management and feeding conditions.
3. Increases fertility and prolificacy in successive stages.

3. Crossbreeding

For commercial swine production programme it is common method used in area around bacon factories. It involves mating animals of two different breeds. i.e. crossing of Landrace sow with Yorkshire boar or vice-versa. Following are the merits of this method.

1. Fewer embryonic losses
2. Causes increase in litter size and uniform birth weight and weaning weight
3. Crossbred sow wean larger litter/more weight are weaning.
4. Greater resistance to environmental stress.
5. Increase in growth rate.
6. Early age of maturity
7. Increase livability of pigs and high and high vigour.
8. Regularity in breeding.
9. Increased efficiency of feed conversion.
10. Mothering ability and higher milk production.

Table-1. Performance of Indigenous, exotic breed and crossbred in India

Final dressing percentge

Table 2. Growth and feed efficiency of indigenous and large white Yorkshire Pigs

(A) Grower period (upto 35 kg. live weight)

(B) Finisher period (upto slaughter)

(C) From initial weight to slaughter weight

Sheet force value (1b/sq'')

STARTING A PIG FARM

For a medium size farm a unit of 10 sows and one boar will be enough. For a beginner a small unit of 5 sows and 1 boar will be advisable. For initial lower cost it will be better if started with young piglets.

SELECTION OF BOAR

Consider following parameters :

1. True to the breed
2. Masculine appearance
3. Long deep body
4. Strong legs and smooth shoulders
5. Sound health and performance record.
6. No cryptorchid condition.
7. Age between 1.5 to 2 years.
8. Select only fertile with well developed teste.
9. No overfat condition
10. Strong back
11. 11. Active look.

Note :

1. A irritable boar difficult to drive and one who inclines to fight may transmit a nervous disposition to piglets. This may make them poor mothers.
2. The litter size has been found to vary significantly (p[0.01) between boars but not between seasons. This points out the necessity for selection of boars based on the litter size to obtain maximum offsprings.[/LI]

SELECTION OF SOWS

Consider following parameters in view:

1. Sow must be from a litter whose litter size and weight at birth and weaning weight is maximum.
2. Have minimum back fat thickness.
3. Sow must have well developed under with twelve teats and at least 6 teats in each row, evenly distributed on belly sides.
4. Teat of sow must be free from any abnormality.
5. Sow must have deep body.
6. Select the sows that are already bred at least once.
7. Age of brood sows must be 2 to 3 years.
8. Sows must produce numerous young ones each year.
9. Sows must have good mothering ability.
10. Sows must be ready for rebreeding at the end of location.
11. Select gilt/sows that are healthy.
12. Sows offsprings must thrive well.
13. Sow must have quiet disposition.

Note : Many farmers make error of depending much on boar quality because boar is considered to be "half the herd'' in the matter of inheritance, but in swine there are so many youngs. Motherliness of sow can make difference in raising 5 to 8 piglets out of 10 farrowed.

CULLING OF ANIMALS

Boars

1. Infertile ones
2. Boars of over 5 years age.
3. Irritable nature and nervous disposition.
4. Over fat and too heavy, finds difficult to mount.
5. Not true to the breed.
6. Cryptorchid.
7. Weak limbs.

Sows

1. One third of older sows annually.
2. Gilts or sows not settled after 4 days breeding period.
3. Nervous and irritable nature.
4. Produce small litter.
5. Sows with defective teats and poor milkers.
6. Sows with small vulva is an indication of internal reproductive defects.
7. Sows/gilts with inverted teats.
8. Gilts and sows which do not meet the standard of meaty hogs.

GUIDELINES FOR NORMAL REPRODUCTION OF PIGS

Note : Boars with low protein intake have reduced libido. This reduction in Iibido may be a result of decresed estrogen concentration in circulation.

MANAGEMENT AT BREEDING OF PIGS

Freeding gilts and dry sows liberally to increase energy intake 10 to 15 days prior to mating is called flushing. It may be done as follows:

1. Feed leguminous hay (Cowpea/lucerne/berseem) for it suppliers more protein, minerals and vitamins)
2. Extra allowance of grains
3. Give multivitamin injection along with "Flushing"

Note :1. Boars fed low of protein take longer to mount a dummy and start ejaculating and produce less sperms.

2. Pandey and Singh reported highly significant correlation coefficent between farrowing percentage and mean percentage of seminal charcteristics of preserved boar semen.

ADVANTAGES OF FLUSHING

1. Improvement in physical condition of female
2. Prompt post weaning oestrus
3. Shows prominent heat symptoms.
4. Increases ovulation rate
5. Good litter size
6. Shortens period between weaning to successful conception.
7. High numbers born
8. More uniform litter size
9. Minimize embryonic losses.

DETECTION OF "HEAT" IN SOWS

Following are the symptoms of heat in sows:

1. Vulvar swelling and redness
2. Vaginal discharge
3. Urination frequently
4. Reduced appetite
5. Mounting behaviour
6. Immobility when normal manual pressure is applied on the back region (Limbo-Sacral) "Standing heat"
7. Restlessness and excitement.
8. Mucus discharge from vulva.
9. Peculiar grunting sound.
10. Erection of ears when pressure applied on back.

OPTIMUM TIME TO BREED SOWS/GILTS

Standing heat as directed by immobility of sow in oestrus particularly exhibited by erection of ears when manual pressure is applied on the back of sow.

INFLUENCE OF BOAR CONTACT ON AGE AT PUBERTY IN GILTS

Five minutes of daily contact with mature boar is sufficient to stimulate early puberty in gilts providing gilts have adequte opportunity for physical contact with the boars. Gilts that are of 165 days of age appear to require daily boar exposure to obtain rapid and maximum pubertal response.