The Complete Technology Book on Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm) with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details & Plant Layout

Author	Dr. Himadri Panda	ISBN	9788195370146
Code	ENI116	Format	Paperback
Price: Rs	1475	US$	50
Pages:	384	Published	2024
Publisher	Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.
Usually Ships within	5 days

The Complete Technology Book on

Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm)

with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details & Plant Layout

Advantage of vermicomposting is that it composts the wastes of rural areas. They clean our villages by using unnecessary organic and non-organic materials. Improves the texture of the soil and its ability to store water. Improves root growth and the multiplication of beneficial soil microorganisms by providing optimum aeration to the soil.

Vermicompost (vermi-compost) is a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast created by the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms. This is known as vermicomposting, and the practise of raising worms for this purpose is known as vermiculture. Sewage treatment can also be done with vermicomposting.

The Global Vermicompost Market is reach growing at a CAGR of 16.74%. The Growth of the global vermicompost market is caused by various factors, such as improved soil aeration, improved water holding capacity, better nutrient cycle, and enriched soil with micro-organism, helps in plant root growth and structure, enhanced germination. The vermicomposting method is used in organic farming. Increasing the use of sustainable agricultural practices, such as vermicomposting along with Government support for organic farming is significantly contributing to the global vermicompost market growth. Vermicompost offers plants with necessary nutrients and helps in plant diseases suppression. Worm castings often comprise 7 times more phosphorus, 11 times more potassium, and 5 times more nitrogen than ordinary soil, which are crucial minerals required for plant growth.

Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm), as well as their manufacturing methods, are all covered in depth in this book. It also offers photos of equipment as well as contact information for industrial providers.

This book is a one-stop shop for everything you need to know about the Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm) industry, which is ripe for manufacturers, merchants, and entrepreneurs. This is the only book that goes into great detail about Vermiculture and Vermicompost. It's a genuine feast of how-to material, from concept to equipment buying.

1. INTRODUCTION

Advantages of Vermicomposting

Vermicomposting in Daily Life

Vermiculture v/s Vermicomposting

Vermitechnology (VT)

Progress of Worm Industry

Turning Garbage into Money

Chemical Composition of the Vermicompost

Vermicomposting at Home

Vermicomposting on the Farm

The Business of Worms

Interaction of Vermicompost-Earthworm-Mulch-Plantroot (Vemp)

Earthworm Farming is not Hard

2. earthworms : Ecological Types

Trophic Classification of Earthworms

Drilosphere

Physical Effects of Earthworms on Soils

Chemical Effects of Earthworms on Soils

The Effect of absence of Earthworms in Soils

3. PHYLUM ANNELIDA : EARTHWORM

Earthworms

Economic Importance

Pheretima Poshuma

The Body Wall

Locomotion

The Coelom

The Digestive System

Food and Digestion

Respiration

Excretory Organs

Physiology of Excretion

Chloragogen Cells

Vascular System

The Nervous System

Working of the Nervous System

Receptor Organs

Generative Organs

Copulation

Fertilization and Coccon Formation

Classification

4. Earthworms : Life Cycle

Life Cycle Studies

Life Cycle Patterns

Life cycle—Lampito mauritii

Cocoons

Juveniles

Non-Clitellates

Clitellates

Life Cycle—Perionyx excavatus

Cocoons

Juveniles

Non-clitellates

Clitellates

Doubling Time

Biochemical Changes During Growth

5. Earthworms: For Culture

Worms for Vermiculture

Earthworm Breeding

Vermicompost

Collecting local Earthworms

6. Why Vermicomposting

Fertilizers use and Deterioration of Soil Environment

Testing the Impact of Vermicomposting

Nitrogen and Humification in Vermicomposting

Vermicompost - a Quality Manure

Recycling of Wastes through Vermi-Composting

Minimizing Pollution Hazard

Providing Growth Promoters

Vermicomposting : Advantages

Black Gold (Worm Castings) from Worms

Adverse Effects on Crops

Economic Vibility

7. Vermicompost High-Grade Fertilizer

Crucial to Organic Agriculture

Wide-spread use in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics

Flexible Method

Rapid Conversion

What Exactly is Vermicompost?

Characteristics

Conversion Processes

Plant Nutritionists - Ncouragement of Soil Fertility

Soil Conditioning and Plant Strengthening Effect

Minimisation of Solid Waste with Low Toxicity and Containing Heavy Metals

Which Species of Earthworms?

Eisenia Fetida - Hard Workers

Transformation of the Organic Material:

Reproduction

Under Perfect Conditions

Further Uses

Feed

Source Material for the Fodder

Nutritional Balance in Feed

Feeding Process

Various Worm Composting Methods

Size of the Worm Compost Heap

Climate

Construction of a Worm Farm

Harvesting the Vermicompost

Storage of Vermicompost

Spreading the Vermicompost

The Liquid Variety: Vermiwash

A Method to Prepare Vermiwash

Application of Vermiwash

Management

Great Potential for Large and Small Organic Farms alike

8. Vermiculture and Vermitech

How to Start Vermiculture

Preparation of Vermibeds

Setting Up of a Vermiwash Unit

An Enterprise

Economics of Vermitech (In Indian Rupees)

Construction and Maintenance of a Twin Unit System Marketing

9. VERMICOMPOSTING MATERIALS

Animal Dung

Agricultural Waste

Forestry Wastes

City leaf Litter

Waste Paper and Cotton Cloth etc.

City Refuge

Biogas Slurry

Industrial Wastes

Feeding Vermicomposting Materials

What should not be Fed to Earthworms?

How much Earthworm Eat

How to Feed Earthworm?

Vermicomposting : Types

Small Scale or Indoor Vermicomposting

Large Scale or Outdoor Vermicomposting

In-situ Culturing of Earthworms

Simple Promotion of Vermic Activity in Fields

Development of Eathworms in Gardens and Orchards Large Scale

Commercialized Vermicomposting in Open Heaps

Vermicomposting : Requirements

Environmental Requirements

Air (Aeration)

Moisture Content

Temperature

How to Construct a Worm Bin

Bedding Materials

Other Requirements

Container

Containers : Types

Small Barrel or Drum Composter

Large Barrel or Drum Composter

Three-chambered Bin

Making of three-chambered bin

Bedding Material

Ideal Conditions for Life of Earthworms

Food for Worms

Adding Food Waste

Proper Ingredient Mixture

Browns

Greens

Particle Size

Fertilizer and Lime

Other Factor Affecting Earthworm’s Growth

Eathworm and Insects

Tilling and Earthworm Population

Earthworm and come Drounding

Maintaining the Bin

Harvesting the Compost and Worms

General Problems in Production of Vermicomposting Remember

10. Experiments from the field

Earthworms: Their Effect on Plant Growth

Growing Vegetables

Are Earthworms Alone?

Effect on Soil Quality

Soil Loss

Adverse Effects on Crops

Impact of Chemicals on Earthworms

Impact of Heavy Metals

Earthworms in Food Chains

Earthworm Parasites

11. Earthworms : Their Application in

Organic Agriculture

Organic Method Under Rainfed Conditions

I. Cultivation of Groundnut (per acre) (All costs in Indian ruppes)

Cost of Field Preparation

Net Profit From Both Types of Cultivation (Per Acre)

II. Cultivation of Brinjal (Per Acre)

Net Profits from both Types of Cultivation (Per Acre)

III. Cultivation of Okra (Per Acre)

Net Profit from Cultivation

IV. Cultivation of Paddy

V. Cultivation of Sugarcane

12. Ways to Make Compost

Selection of Suitable Species

Epiges (Eisenia Foetida)

Endoges (Eudrilus Eugeniae)

Aneciques

Basic Characteristics of Suitable Species

Composting Material : Preliminary Treatment

Vermicomposting Schemes

Maintenance of Vermicomposting Beds

Scheme One

Scheme Two

Scheme Three

Scheme Four

Scheme Five

Scheme Six

Harvesting the Worms and Compost

Using Worm Compost

Vermicomposting Efficiency

Transportation of Live Worms

Vermicompost : Applications

Flower or Garden pots

In Horticulture

In Agriculture

Vermicomposts : Characterization

Vermiwash

Problems in Using Vermiwash

Earthworm Paste

Vermicomposting : General Procedure at Home

Vermicomposting : General Procedures at Agricultural Farms

Vermicomposting : Kiss Plan

Advantages of KISS Plan

Step 1: Windrow Preparation

Important Considerations

Step 2: Extending the Windrow

Step 3: Making Quality Castings

Step 4: Moisture and Irrigation

Step 5: Windrow Cover

Step 6: Harvesting

Earthworms Predators and Parasites

Mite pests in Earthworm Beds

White or Brown Mites

Red Mites

Mite Prevention

Removal of Mite

Parasites and pathogens

13. Earthworms : End Uses and Potential

Earthworms in Medicine

Earthworms as Feed

Economic Potential

Legal Constraints

Conclusion

14. Methods of Earthworms

Measurement

Sampling Methods

Hand Sorting

Principle

Materials

Procedure

Washing and Sieving

Principle

Materials

Procedure

Use of Chemical Repellants

Principle

Materials

Procedure

Electrical Methods

Principle

Materials

Procedure

Trapping Methods

Materials

Procedure

Other Method

Flotation

Heat Extraction

Number of Casts

Measurement of Earthworm Biomass

Storage and Identification

Storage

Identification

15. Vermicomposting: A world Scenario

Grace McKellar Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

Hobart City Council, Tasmania, Australia

National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States

Newcastle City Council, New South Wales, Australia

Oregon Soil Corporation, Beaverton, Oregon, United States

Pacific Southwest Farms, Ontairo, California, United States

Resource Conversion Corporation/Canyon Recycling, San Diego, California, U.S.

Rideau Regional Hospital, Perth, Ontario, Canada

San Quentin Prison, California

Seattle Kingdome Stadium, Seattle, Washington, United States

Sovadec, La Voulte, France

Vermiculture Production Center, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba

Vermicycle Organics, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

India

Green Cross Society of Mumbai, India

Indian Aluminum Co. Ltd, Belgaum, India

M.R. Morarka - GDC Rural Research Foundation, Jaipur

16. ROLE OF EARTHWORMS

In sustainable Agriculture

Organic Farming

Earthworms Activities

Soil Fertility and Texture

Soil Aeration

Water Impercolation

Decomposition and Moisture

17. Monitoring Worm Bed Environment

Moisture Control

Keeping Beds Warm during Winter

Lighting

Earthworm Predators or Annoyances

• Flies

• Mites

White or Brown Mites

Red Mites

• Hammerhead Worms

• Centipedes

• Ants

• Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Troubleshooting Worm Bed Conditions

Bedding Too Dry

Red Mite Infestation

Deformed Worms

18. VERMITECHNOLOGY

Definition

History

In Other Coutries

In India

19. Advantages of vermiculture

Production of Cheap Animal Protein

Vermi Cast

Soil and Vermi Cast

Earthworm Inoculation in Soil

Decomposition of Bio-Degradeable Wastes and VermiComposting

Vermiculture in Pollution Abatement

20. Vermiculture

General and Planning

Selection of Suitable Species

Basic Characteristics of Suitable Species

Description of Suitable Species

Family : Lumbricidae

1.Bimastos parvus (= Allolobophora (Bimastos) parvus Eisen)

2.Eisenia foetida (Sav.)

Family : Eudrilidae

1.Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kinb.)

Family : Megascolecidae

1.Lamptio mauritii (Kinb.)

2. Metaphire anomala Mich. (= Pheretima Anomala)

3. Metaphire Posthuma (= Pheretima posthuma)

4. Perionyx Excavatus E. Perr.

5. Perionyx sansbaricus Michaelson

Family: Octochaetidae

1. Octochaetus (Octochaetoides) Surnensis Mich.

2. Ramiella Bishambari (Steph.)

Sub-family : Diplocardinae

1. Dichogaster Bolaui (Mich.)

2. Dichogaster Affinis (Mich.)

3. Dichogaster Curgensis (Micha.)

4. Dichogaster Saliens (Bedd.)

5. Ramiella Bishambari (Steph.)

6. Erythodraeodrilus Suctorius (Steph.)

7. Ocnerodrilus (Ocnerodrilus) Occidentails (Eisen.)

Family : Moniligastridae

1. Moniligaster Perrieri (Mich.)

2. Drawida Willisi (Mich.)

Maintenance of Base Culture

21. VERMICOMPOSTING

General

Advantages of Vermicomposting

Vermicomposting Materials

Preliminary Treatment of Composting Material

Small Scale or Indoor Vermicomposting

Large Scale or Outdoor Vermicomposting

Other Types of Vemi-Composting

Requirement for Vermicomposting

Feed for Earthworms

Vermicomposting Schemes

Maintenance of Vermicomposting Beds

Vermicomposting Efficiency

Collection of Vermicompost

Transportation of Live Worms

Marketing Outlets

22. Granulation of Vermicompost

Introduction

Functions

Methods

Process

Impact of Using Vermiwash as the Binding Media

Vermicompost Fertilizer Granule Machine

Feature

Types of Granulator Machines

• Disc Fertilizer Granulator

• Double Roller Extrusion Granulator

• Organic Fertilizer Granulator

• New Type Organic Fertilizer Granulator

• Rotary Drum Granulator

• Cat Litter Disc Fertilizer Granulator

23. BIS Specifications

24.Photographs of Machinery with

Suppliers Contact Details

Vermi Compost Tank

Sprayer Pump

Rotary Drum Dryers

Vermi Compost Maker

Vermicompost Seiving Machine

Leaf Waste Shredder Machine

Packing Machine

Waste Fully Automatic Compost Machine

Rotary Twin Drum Composter

Fertilizer Granule Machine

Waste Compost Tumbler

Waste Compost Machine

Fertilizer Drum Granulator Machine

Fertilizer Granulator Machine

25. Plant Layout & Process Flow Chart

Assumptions for Profitability workings	Plant Economics
Production Schedule
Land & Building Factory Land & Building Site Development Expenses
Plant & Machinery Indigenous Machineries Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)
Other Fixed Assets Furniture & Fixtures Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses Technical Knowhow Provision of Contingencies
Working Capital Requirement Per Month Raw Material Packing Material Lab & ETP Chemical Cost Consumable Store
Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.) Royalty and Other Charges Selling and Distribution Expenses
Salary and Wages	Turnover Per Annum
Share Capital Equity Capital Preference Share Capital
Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals Revenue/Income/Realisation Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items Gross Profit Financial Charges Total Cost of Sales Net Profit After Taxes Net Cash Accruals
Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements Current Assets Gross Working. Capital Current Liabilities Net Working Capital Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets ROI (Average of Fixed Assets) RONW (Average of Share Capital) ROI (Average of Total Assets)
Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios D.S.C.R Earnings Per Share (EPS) Debt Equity Ratio
Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis Variable Cost & Expenses Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp. Profit Volume Ratio (PVR) Fixed Expenses / Cost B.E.P
Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume Resultant N.P.B.T Resultant D.S.C.R Resultant PV Ratio Resultant DER Resultant ROI Resultant BEP
Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status Equity Capital Preference Share Capital
Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation	Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit	Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,	Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit	Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses	Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges	Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses	Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses	Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)	Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)	Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits	Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR

The Complete Technology Book on Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm) with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details & Plant Layout_3rd Edition ( New Arrival ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

RELATED PRODUCTS

ABOUT NPCS

And before diversifying/venturing into any product, wish to study the following aspects of the identified product:

Reasons for buying the report:

The report contains all the data which will help an entrepreneur find answers to questions like:

Our Approach:

Introduction

Market Study and Assessment

Raw Material

Personnel (Manpower) Requirements

Plant and Machinery

Manufacturing Process and Formulations

Infrastructure and Utilities

Project at a Glance

Assumptions for Profitability workings

Plant Economics

Production Schedule

Land & Building

Plant & Machinery

Other Fixed Assets

Working Capital Requirement Per Month

Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum

Salary and Wages

Turnover Per Annum

Share Capital

Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance

Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals

Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements

Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds

Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets

Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios

Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis

Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume

Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status

Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks

Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation

Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost

Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit

Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,

Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost

Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit

Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses

Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses

Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses

Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges

Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.

Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses

Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses

Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses

Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)

Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)

Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)

Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)

Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans

Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits

Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR

The Complete Technology Book on Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm) with Manufacturing Process, Machinery Equipment Details & Plant Layout_3rd Edition ( New Arrival )