Layer Poultry Farming Business. Start a Layer Chicken Farming Business for Egg Production
Layer poultry farming means raising egg laying poultry birds for the purpose of commercial egg production. Layer chickens are such a special species of hens, which need to be raised from when they are one day old. They start laying eggs commercially from 18-19 weeks of age. They remain laying eggs continuously till their 72-78 weeks of age. They can produce about one kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food during their egg laying period.
Poultry layer farming is gaining popularity in India due to its lower production cost and growing demand of eggs. India ranks third in the world by producing 3.8 billion kilograms in shell. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Maharashtra and Punjab are the leading egg producing states in India in the same order. There is a rise in egg production in India owing to the growth in human consumption and lower production costs. Poultry layer farming is given a lot of importance in the national policy owing to which there is a lot of scope of improvement and development.
Benefits of Layer Farming
• It requires less investment compared to rearing other livestock. While chicken will start laying eggs in 8 to 10 weeks, broilers can be sold after 6 weeks by which time they would have grown to 1.25 kg weight.
• It gives rapid return on investment. Chicken start laying eggs in 8 to 10 weeks and broilers can be sold for meat between 6 and 10 weeks. The interval between generations is very small and hence, production can be phenomenally increased within a short period.
• Broilers intake of feed is comparatively very low while it produces maximum possible amount of food for us. Poultry is capable of utilizing as its feed large quantities of byproducts like bran, substandard grains, vegetables etc. which normally go as waste, thus saving for the farmer a portion of his expenses towards poultry feed.
• Poultry farming is a continuous source of income. It is not seasonal and can produce income for the entire year. While chickens lay eggs between 6 to 8 months, broilers take only 6 to 10 weeks to bring in income. Meat, eggs, feathers and manure of chicken and broilers are all saleable and income generating. Poultry farming in a small scale requires only minimum space and they can be reared even in the backyards of homes.
• Poultry farming requires very little water for both drinking and cleaning. One litre of water is sufficient for 5 birds for a day.
• Poultry droppings are rich in nitrogen and organic material and hence, are considered valuable as fertilizers.
• Poultry feathers are also used for making pillows, fancy articles and curios.
• Poultry offers good full time or part-time employment opportunity to farmers.
• Poultry products like egg and meat have high nutritional value. Among all edible meat, broiler meat has the least fat content. It can also be cooked in its own fat and does not require any from outside. Poultry meat contains more protein and essential amino acids than other meats and are low in its cholesterol content c in comparison.
Egg Production for Layer Poultry Farming:
Egg production from a Layer Poultry Farming depends on the care and farm management.
· Within the first 20 weeks of age, about 5% of hens start laying eggs.
· About 10% birds start laying at their 21 weeks of age.
· When they reach 26 to 30 weeks of age, they produce highly. Although, it may be different depending on their strain.
· After laying a maximum number of eggs, they usually stop laying for a few days.
· And after this period, their egg production might reduce slowly.
· Egg laying rate and size of eggs increases gradually.
· The hens grow till their 40 weeks of age.
· Weight and size of eggs increases till their 50 weeks of age.
India is the third-largest egg producer in the world after China and the USA and the fourth-largest chicken producer in the world after China, Brazil and the USA. In India, the per capita consumption of eggs has gone up from 30 eggs per annum to 68 eggs per annum, and that of chicken from 400 gms per annum, to 2.5 kg per annum in the last 5 years. Human nutritionists recommend a minimum of 180 eggs & 10 kg chicken per annum for a healthy adult human, which means that the Indian poultry market is laden with opportunities. Adult population in most developed countries consume over 240 eggs and 20 kg of chicken per annum.
Poultry is the most organised sector in animal agriculture in India, worth Euro 14,500 million. Production of broiler meat has increased to 4.2 million tons per annum in 2015-16. Demand for processed chicken meat has been growing by 15- 20% per annum. Total layer production in India has gone up to reach 80 million eggs per annum. Industry sources estimate CY 2016-17 feed consumption to go from 17 to 18 million tons, which includes corn and soya bean and pearl millet.
Poultry had become a vital component of the farm economy as it generates additional income and employment in the rural area.
Poultry Production has three segments: 1. Layers, 2. Broilers, 3. Backyard / Family
· Layers
Some 70% of the layer birds are being raised in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra in south and Haryana in the north of India.
· Broilers
Feed (65%) and chicks (25%) account for 90% of the broiler inputs and consolidation is being observed in the market. Smaller producers engage in ‘contract farming’.
· Backyard / family production
At one time, 30% of the eggs produced in India were produced in the backyards. Improved varieties of ‘Low technology input birds’, which are dual purpose, i.e., producing eggs and meat, are new being bred in India for the purpose of backyard/family production. The final food products, i.e., eggs and chicken are not exported in huge quantities as there is a huge gap in supply and demand within India.
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